Vocabulary Chapters 9-13 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Alleles
Alternative forms of a gene
Aneuploidy
Gain or loss of a chromosome
Autosomes
The 22 pairs of perfectly matched chromosomes
Codominace
The heterozygote shows phenotypes of both homozygous parents
Chiasmata
Sites of genetics recombination, of crossing over
Dihybrid cross
A genetic cross involving two different traits
Diploid
2n (number of chromosomes)
Genotype
BB,Bb,bb
Haploid
n (number of chromosomes)
Heterozygous
Having two different alleles of the same gene
Homozygous
Have two identical alleles of the same gene
Incomplete dominance
When an heterozygote is intermediate in appearance between the two homozygotes
Karyotype
Particular array of chromosomes in an organism
Kinetochore
Attachment sites for microtubles
Ligand
A signal molecule
Maternal Inheritance
Uniparental inheritance from the mother
Neurotransmitters
Signals that travel across a synaptic gap and persist briefly
Nondisjunction
failure of sister chomatids to separate
Oncongenes
Genes that can cause a cell to become cancerous
Phenotype
Physical appearance due to allele’s expression
Phosphatases
Enzymes that remove phosphate groups from proteins
Prophase
First stage of mitosis, chromosomes become visible
Protein kinases
Enzymes that add phosphate groups from proteins
S (synthesis)
Cell cycle phase in which DNA replicates
