Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Paper 6 > Voice and Colonisation > Flashcards

Voice and Colonisation Flashcards

(81 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What does Crusoe reflect about his solitary life on the plantation?

A

The truly solitary life I reflected on, in an island of mere desolation, should be my lot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What literary reference is made in Elizabeth Bishop’s “Crusoe in England”? and what word is missing?

A

Wordsworth’s “They flash upon that inward eye, / which is the bliss…” from “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.”

solitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does Daniel Carey (modern criticism) describe Friday and Crusoe’s relationship as?

A

the Puritan model of companionate marriage - helpmeet, friend and religionist
relationship structured by paternal authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Crusoe’s ‘strange longing’ when he looks at the shipwreck?

A

so earnest, so strong a desire after the society of my fellow-creatures’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the shipwreck represent

A

the empty promise of life that doesn’t deliver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What follows the shipwreck scene?

A

Crusoe dreams of making a captive Indian his servant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What internal conflict does Crusoe experience about questioning his situation?

A

“My conscience presently checked me in that inquiry, as if I had blasphemed, and methought it spoke to me like a voice.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does Cowper’s ‘The Solitude of Alexander Selkirk’ address the duplicity of voices in solitude

A

Addresses abstracts ‘O solitude’ and ‘Ye winds’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cowper: ‘Never … the … music of … / I start at the … of my …’

A

Never hear the sweet music of speech/I start at the sound of my own’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does Cowper express his remoteness from humanity? (irony as being read by public)

A

“I am out of humanity’s reach.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does (post Defoe) Müller in his Lectures on the Science of Language - say about the relationship between thought and words?

A

“There is no thought without words, as little as there are words without thought.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does (post-Defoe) Darwin reply to Muller’s statement in an accompanying note

A

‘Monstrous sentence’ - justifies ill treatment of most vulnerable - and can forget name of something and still know what it is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does Coetzee (Foe) say about the nature of writing?

A

“There is a true sense in which writing is dialogic: a matter of awakening the countervoices in oneself.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What two types of logos did Aristotle distinguish in his book ‘Rhetoric’?

A

External voice (logos prophorikos) and internal reason (logos endiathetos).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does Ian Watt say about real castaways like Selkirk in his literary criticism?

A

They were “reduced to an extremely primitive condition… in some authentic cases they forgot the use of speech.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does Crusoe attempt to regulate language anticipating Johnson’s Dictionary?

A

He regulates disordered language, giving himself rules as ruler.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does (post Defoe) Wittgenstein’s theory of language games relate to Crusoe’s language use?

A

Meaning is verified by context,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the significance of the parrot in Crusoe?

A

The parrot (POLL) is the first word Crusoe hears - significance of names

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In The Descent of Man what does (post) Darwin say about dogs?

A

they have the capacity to understand many words and sentences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does (post) Herder in ‘Essay on the Origin of Language’ remark about parrots and starlings ability to learn human sounds

A

‘but have they ever thought a human word?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What eerie experience did Crusoe have in his sleep?

A

He was awoken by a voice saying ‘Where are you’ and calling him by name repeatedly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

parrot speaks to him ‘just … he had been overjoy’d to see me again.

A

as if

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the first thing Crusoe teaches Friday?

A

He teaches him his name is Friday and to call Crusoe “Master.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does Gikandi say in ‘Slavery and the Culture of Taste’ about unnaming in slavery?

A

Through unnaming, individuals are unhinged from communities of kinship.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does S. Barton argue about Friday’s silence?
“We must make Friday’s silence speak, as well as the silence surrounding Friday.”
26
How does Friday show servitude to Crusoe?
Initially makes signs of 'subjection, servitude, and submission’ and next morning puts his head under Crusoe's foot
27
According to Locke, what do words signify? (in Book 3 'On Words' essay Concerning) (1690)
Only men’s peculiar ideas, and that by a perfectly arbitrary imposition.
28
What did the philosophers of new linguistics say about language and knowledge?
Speech and knowledge are intertwined; language gave primitive humans control over instincts.
29
Who were the philosophers of new linguistics?
Condillac, Rousseau, Herder, Adam Smith
30
How does Crusoe translate Friday’s broken English about going home?
In a word, he would not think of going there without me.’
31
What does Friday threaten to do, and how does Crusoe respond?
Friday threatens suicide with a hatchet; Crusoe resolves not to send him away.
32
In Coetzee’s Foe, what is Susan’s goal in writing Friday’s story?
'To build a bridge of words' to return to 'the world of words.'
33
How does John Michael Vlatch suggest we recognize slave narratives? (in his cultural history and folklore studies)
By recognizing arts and practical skills as valid slave testimony.
34
What does Frederick Douglass say about slave songs in his Narrative?
They are often mistaken for joy, but they are actually songs of grief and sorrow.
35
In his discourse what does Rousseau say about man’s first language in a solitary state?
It is the cry of nature—onomatopoeic, imitative, and passionate.
36
How does Friday react upon finding his lost father?
He dances, cries, sings, and behaves like a distracted creature.
37
What is dancing seen as in colonialist terms
as a mechanism of control to release a valve of pressure to prevent rebellion
38
What does Dubois say about the 'sorrow songs' of the black south in his seminal work The Souls of Black Folk
“They are the articulate message of the slave to the world.” – testimony of survival, creativity
39
What does Equiano (1789) say about African culture?
“We are almost a nation of dancers, musicians, and poets.”
40
What does Friday’s dancing in Foe symbolize?
Susan says, “I saw; or, I should say, my eyes were open to what was present to them.”
41
What did Rousseau (Discourse) asks his readers to suspend judgement of?
‘men in the state of nature’ – object to harm of others so called civilised men do in pursuit of knowledge
42
How does Johnson describe the futility of regulating speech? (dictionary Preface)
To enchain syllables, and to lash the wind, are equally the undertakings of pride.”
43
How did Defoe justify colonialism early in his career? (political pamphlet)
By the need to civilize and Christianize Native Americans - 'Incorporate among our People as one Nation'
44
How does Crusoe civilise the cannibals in 'Further Adventures'?
“by kind Usage and affectionate Arguings.”
45
How does Crusoe treat Xury and Friday similarly?
Xury is sold into slavery; Friday becomes Crusoe’s lifelong servant but is never called a slave.
46
'it seems in token of swearing to be my slave forever'
” but C never calls him slave: “servant,” “companion,” “assistant,” “grateful friend”
47
How does Locke view slavery in the state of nature? (Treatise)
Slavery cannot be voluntary; all men are naturally free and equal.
48
How does Hobbes in 'Leviathan' (1651) (in opposition to Locke) justify slavery?
people give up rights for protection to preserve life.
49
How does Hobbes 'Leviathan' describe the state of nature
‘solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short'
50
How does Suvir Kaul interpret Crusoe’s authority over Friday? (critical essay)
As icy irony—Crusoe assumes the right to sell others despite his own past enslavement.
51
What realisation does Crusoe come to about cannibals?
They have the same faculties and sentiments as civilised Englishmen.
52
What is the difference between a servant and a slave
servant is a willing covenant – slave refuses to give up rights
53
What is Friday's nationality
Native Carib Indian
54
How does Crusoe describe his dominion over the empty island?
“I was King and Lord of all this Country indefeasibly.”
55
What does Cowper write about solitude and dominion?
survey’ ‘I am lord of the fowl and the brute/ O Solitude’
56
How does Crusoe describe his dominion over the peopled island?
I was absolutely Lord and Law-giver; they all owed their Lives to me, and were ready to lay down their Lives’
57
What does Dennis Todd argue about colonial transformation? (critical essay)
Only protagonists like Crusoe change; colonized remain servants or slaves even after conversio to Christianity
58
Who was England trading with in Defoe's adult life?
African coast, Russia, the Levant, the Indian Ocean and colonies in N. America and Caribbean
59
What did Defoe proclaim in The Advantages of Peace and Commerce
‘If any one Nation could govern Trade, that Nation would govern the World’.
60
What did Defoe propose in Plan of English Commerce?
recommends turning the American colonies into trading marketplaces for English merchandise.
61
What colonial method did Defoe prefer over violence? in Plan of the English Commerce
“Softest and gentlest methods” to civilise and instruct Savages and Natives
62
What did Boulukos (monograph) argue about Defoe and slavery?
Defoe began the tradition of the “grateful slave” fiction - Africans naturally suited to bondage
63
What does Christopher Loar say about Crusoe’s coercion of Friday? (essay)
Guns and threats underlie Friday’s supposed voluntary submission - Friday pleads with C's gun rather than C himself
64
How does Edward Said (canonical postcolonial critic) suggest reading Crusoe?
As a contrapuntal reading—uncovering hidden colonial contexts and silent voices
65
How does Locke justify slavery under natural law? (2nd Treatise)
It’s lawful if the enslaved are captives of a just war and spared death.
66
What symbolic gesture does Friday perform toward Crusoe?
Kneels every ten or twelve steps in acknowledgment of life saved.
67
How many of Defoe’s seven widely accepted novels touch on slavery and bound labour, and which are they?
Five—Robinson Crusoe, Captain Singleton, Moll Flanders, Roxana, and Colonel Jack.
68
What was Defoe’s involvement with the Royal African Company (RAC)?
Until 1710, he held stock in the RAC and later wrote polemics for it.
69
How was Defoe involved in labor transportation in the 1720s?
He invested directly in the transportation of British indentured and convict labourers.
70
How does The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe address the claim that Friday is a voluntary slave?
when asked by a priest to serve as an interpreter and assistant, Crusoe says: “I was persuaded that Friday would by no means consent to part with me, and I could not force him to it without his consent, without manifest injustice.”
71
What economic strategy did Defoe advocate for regarding the New World?
He believed that settling, rather than pillaging, the New World for extractable resources would provide Britain with “new Worlds of Commerce.” (a plan for english commerce)
72
What did Defoe propose in An Essay on the South Sea Trade?
He advocated for Robert Harley’s scheme to use an English South Sea colony to shore up England’s national debt, asserting England’s right to “Seiz[e] ... a place in America, whether possess’d, or not possess’d, as we shall think proper, and taking it as our own.”
73
How did Plan of the English Commerce show Defoe’s nuanced view of colonialism?
It emphasized possession without exploitation and criticized Christopher Columbus for having “destroy’d the Nations who inhabited the several countries.”
74
How does Crusoe describe his role over Friday, the Spaniard, and Old Friday in The Farther Adventures?
He refers to them as his “three subjects,” stating they were in a family under Crusoe’s patronage.
75
How does Crusoe describe the character of Friday in terms of the civilized–savage binary?
Friday is both “a cannibal in his nature” and yet a “faithful, loving, [and] sincere servant.”
76
What stance did Defoe declare regarding the dispossession of native peoples? (in further adventures)
He stated he did “not think any Body has the Right to dispossess the Natives of a Country.”
77
What longstanding European dichotomy does Friday's character reflect?
The dichotomy between gentle Arawak and aggressive Carib, a trope in European imagination since Columbus’s first voyage.
78
How does Pope represent indigenous spirituality in Essay on Man? (1733)
Lo, the poor Indian! whose untutored mind / Sees God in clouds, or hears Him in the wind”; and describes their heaven as a place “Where slaves once more their native land behold, / No fiends torment, no Christians thirst for gold.”
79
How does Paula Backscheider describe Defoe’s role in colonial ideology? (criticism)
As a “spokesperson for the new world order of English Enlightenment” and an influencer of the ideology of commerce and empire.
80
What criticism does Defoe make in An Humble Proposal to the People of England?
He accuses his countrymen of “Indolence and Neglect” for falling behind the Portuguese, Dutch, French, and Spanish in colonial acquisitions.
81
According to J.A. Downie, how did Defoe view humankind?
He saw it as existing on a continuum from civility to savagery.

Paper 6 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions