Vol 1 Part 7: Fundamentals of IP Version 6

Question 1

How many bits and what type of characters are used in an IPv6 address?

Answer 1

128 bits, hexadecimal

Question 2

What are the 4 types of routing protocols used with IPv6?

Answer 2

1. RIPng (RIP Next Generation)
2. OSPFv3
3. EIGRPv6 (Cisco proprietary)
4. MP GBP-4 (multiprotocol BGP version 4)

Question 3

When abbreviating an IPv6 address, what can be removed: leading 0s or trailing 0s?

Answer 3

Leading 0s

Question 4

Any string of two or more consecutive zeros can be replaced with what character?

Answer 4

The double colon (::)

Question 5

What are the 6 types of IPv6 addresses?

Answer 5

Global unicast, unique local, multicast, link local, anycast, and modified EUI-64

Question 6

What is the global routing prefix do for an IPv6 address?

Answer 6

It serves as the network portion of the address

Question 7

What are the first hex digits for the four different types of IPv6 addresses?

Answer 7

Global Unicast: 2 or 3 (ex 2001 for US IPv6 addresses)
Unique Local: FD
Multicast: FF
Link Local: FE80

Question 8

What are the 3 components of a subnetted IPv6 Global Unicast Address?

Answer 8

Global Routing Prefix (Set by IANA, RIR, or ISP)
Subnet (bits = 64 - bits from global routing prefix)
Interface ID

Question 9

What do unique local addresses serve as in IPv6?

Answer 9

Private IP addresses

Question 10

What does the structure of a unique local address in IPv6 look like?

Answer 10

FD as the first two hex digits, a unique 40-bit global ID following the initial 8 bits of FD, 16 bit subnet field, 64 bit interface ID field

Question 11

What commands are used to configure a static IPv6 address on a router?

Answer 11

ipv6 unicast-routing
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:1111:4::2/64

Question 12

Modified EUI64 addresses enable what as part of its addressing, and how does the interface ID get created as a result of it?

Answer 12

The MAC address. It makes up the interface ID portion of the. To do this, it

1. splits the 48bit MAC address into two halves
2. inserts FFFE in between the two, giving a new 16 hex digit, 64 bit interface ID.
3. Lastly, the 7th bit of the interface ID gets inverted in binary and converted back into Hex

Question 13

What command is used to enable a router to learn IPv6 addresses with DHCP? What about SLAAC?

Answer 13

ipv6 address dhcp

ipv6 address autoconfig

Question 14

What happens when you add an IPv6 address to a router interface?

Answer 14

The interface received a unicast ipv6 address and the routing of ipv6 packets on that interface is enabled.

Question 15

What are link local addresses used for in ipv6?

Answer 15

They are used for overhead protocols and for next-hop routing. Every ipv6 host interface and router interface can create its own link-local address

Question 16

What is the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)?

Answer 16

It is similar to ICMP for IPv4, and performs the same role as ARP in IPv4.

Question 17

What are the 4 major functions of NDP?

Answer 17

1. Neighbor MAC discovery
2. Router Discovery
3. SLAAC
4. Duplicate Address Detection

Question 18

What is neighbor solicitation?

Answer 18

The process of a router asking a host with an IPv6 address to reply with a neighbor advertisement message of their MAC. This is sent to a solicited-node multicast address.

Question 19

What is neighbor advertisement?

Answer 19

A message that lists the sender’s IPv6 address and MAC address. This is usually sent in unicast directly to the soliciting host in the form of a neighbor solicitation. However, it CAN be sent unsolicited to a multicast if FF02::1.

Question 20

What is router solicitation?

Answer 20

Message sent to all IPv6 routers locally via multicast address FF02::2 and identifies the other routers on the local network.

Question 21

What is router advertsiement?

Answer 21

A message sent by the router in response to a RS, listing the link-local address and many other facts. Can be sent via unicast or multicast address FF02::2, but it can also be sent without being solicited to address FF02::1

Question 22

What is the administrative distance of NDP?

Answer 22

2