Volcanism

Question 1

A dark colored, fine grain, exclusive igneous rock that forms from the rapid cooling of lava at the Earth’s surface

Answer 1

Basalt

Question 2

A large depression formed when a volcano erupts and collapses

Answer 2

Caldera

Question 3

Steep sided volcanoes that are made up of small interlock scoria pebbles

Answer 3

Cider cone

Question 4

A type of volcanic cone built up from layers of lava, ash, and other volcanic debris

Answer 4

Composite cone

Question 5

The process were molten rock, called magma, cools down in solidifies, forming materials within it

Answer 5

Crystallization

Question 6

Along, narrow, crack, or fracture in the earth surface from which lava erupts

Answer 6

Fissure

Question 7

A fast moving, destructive volcanic mud, flow, consisting of water, ash, rock, fragments, and sometimes ice

Answer 7

Lahar

Question 8

Molten rock ejected from volcanoes in the form of a liquid

Answer 8

Lava

Question 9

Mold and rock that is underground

Answer 9

Magma

Question 10

A fast moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter that flows down the sides of a volcano during an eruption

Answer 10

Pyroclastic flow

Question 11

A broad, gently sloping volcano, formed by the accumulation of fluid, basaltic lava flows overtime

Answer 11

Shield volcano

Question 12

A tall cone shaped volcano built up overtime by layers of solidified lava and volcanic ash

Answer 12

Stratovolcano

Question 13

The resistance of magma to flow

Answer 13

Viscosity

Question 14

A type of igneous rock formed from cool and solidified lava, pyroclastic materials, or other volcanic ejecta at or near the Earth’s surface

Answer 14

Volcanic rock

Question 15

Chemical elements and compounds, such as water and carbon dioxide, there are easily vaporized at relatively low pressure and magmatic temperatures

Answer 15

Volatile

Question 16

A scale used to measure the explosivity of volcanic eruptions

Answer 16

VEI

Question 17

Which tectonic zones or settings commonly produced volcanoes?

Answer 17

Subduction zones at convergent plate boundaries, divergent plate boundaries and at hotspots away from plate boundaries

Question 18

How is subduction-produced volcanic activity different from divergent and hotspot volcanic activity?

Answer 18

Subduction zones produced magma through flux melting, wear water from a subduction plate, lowers the melting point of the overlying mantle. Divergent boundaries involve decompressed, shin, melting as plates pull apart, allowing hot mantle rock to rise and melt.

Question 19

How is magma different from lava?

Answer 19

Magma is found beneath the Earth surface, will lava is magma that has erupted onto the surface

Question 20

What happens to lava when it cools?

Answer 20

It transformed into various igneous rocks

Question 21

Why do some volcanoes explode violently while others quietly erupt?

Answer 21

Based on the viscosity (thickness) and gas content of the magma, which are influenced by the magma composition

Question 22

How does a caldera form?

Answer 22

When a volcano collapses after a large eruption, often when a magma chamber beneath its partially emptiness

Question 23

Which activities of a volcanic eruption can become a disaster?

Answer 23

Pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, volcanic gases, ashfall, and landslides

Question 24

How are volcanic eruptions related to earthquakes and tsunami’s?

Answer 24

Interconnected natural phenomena, primarily driven by the movement of the earth’s tectonic plates

Question 25

Lahars and pyroclastic flows are generated by volcanoes. How do they work?

Answer 25

Lahars are mud flows, a mixture of water, volcanic ash, and rock fragments, that flow down the slopes of a volcano. Pyroclastic flows our fast moving avalanches of hot gas, ash, and rock fruit fragments that race down the volcanoes flanks.