Volcanology Part 1 (Anatomy, Classification, Eruption Types of Volcanoes)

Question 1

The study of volcanoes and its materials and processes.

Answer 1

aba pag hindi m pa ‘to nasagot aywan ko na lang

Question 2

A person who engages in the study of volcanology.

Answer 2

Volcanologist

Question 3

A naturally occurring landform produced where lava erupts onto Earth’s surface.

Answer 3

Volcano

Question 4

Lighter materials tends to ____? Especially if there is no pressure hindering it.

Answer 4

Rise

Question 5

Where do Volcanoes erupt?

Answer 5

Pacific Ring of Fire
Hotspots
Spreading Centers

Question 6

a 40,000 km-long zone bordering much of the Pacific Plate and tracing the boundaries of the Indo-Australian, Philippine, North American, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, Caribbean, Nazca, and South American Plates.

Answer 6

Pacific Ring of Fire

Question 7

The surface manifestation of hot mantle plumes rising from the mantle, which is believed to originate from the boundary of the mantle and outer core.

Answer 7

Hotspots

Question 8

Mantle plumes originally have “heads” which intrude and create ____? It is a large expanse of area which resulted from voluminous outflow of basaltic lava that can last up to millions of years.

Answer 8

Flood Basalts

Question 9

When these mantle plumes intrude in the middle of plates, what happens?

Answer 9

Can result in a trail of volcanoes and can leave the older trails extinct as it progresses.

Question 10

Hotspot Classification

Answer 10

1. Core-mantle boundary origin
2. Upper mantle origin
3. Lithospheric origin

Question 11

What is the reason why there is a trail of islands in Hawaii?

Answer 11

Due to the Pacific plate moving over a mantle plume (hot spot)

Question 12

Regions where divergent plate boundaries spread and produce juvenile magma material, creating submarine volcanoes.

Answer 12

Spreading Centers

Question 13

An opening on a volcano where a conduit or a pipe terminates.

Answer 13

Vent

Question 14

A circular pipe where magma movement is localized.

Answer 14

Conduit

Question 15

A funnel-shaped depression found at the summit of most volcanoes.

Answer 15

Crater

Question 16

A small cone-shaped volcano formed from a flank eruption from the main volcano.

Answer 16

Parasitic Cone

Question 17

A large underground region of magma that supplies the volcano.

Answer 17

Magma Chamber

Question 18

According to the shape of the volcano

Answer 18

Morphology

Question 19

According to the eruptive history of a volcano

Answer 19

Activity and HIstory

Question 20

The local and international classification for volcanoes

Answer 20

Local - PHIVOLCS
International - USGS

Question 21

Classifications of Volcanoes

Answer 21

Shield Volcano
Stratovolcano
Pyroclastic Cone
Caldera*
Supervolcano*

Question 22

Produced by the accumulation of fluid basaltic lavas and exhibit the shape of a broad, slightly domed structured that resembles a warrior’s shield, 15 degrees or less.

Answer 22

Shield Volcano

Question 23

Also called composite volcanoes, built from interlayered tephra and lava flows. Gradually sloping, 10 to 30 degrees and considered as most dangerous and eruptive.

Answer 23

Stratovolcano

Question 24

Composed mostly of loose ejected ash, and some lava, appearing relatively symmetrical and steeply built, with large, deep craters, with most being produced by a single eruptive event.

Answer 24

Pyroclastic Cones

Question 25

Dominantly composed of vesicular, basaltic material.

Answer 25

Scoria Cones

Question 26

Composed of various compositions.

Answer 26

Cinder Cones

Question 27

A large depression, >1km in diameter, typically caused by collapse of the summit area of a volcano following a violent eruption, or due to depletion of the magma chamber.

Answer 27

Caldera

Question 28

A volcano that had an eruptive history that reached VEI 8.

Answer 28

Supervolcano

Question 29

A massive caldera complex in Wyoming, USA, famous for its supervolcano eruptions primarily due to it being hotspot that produces due to it being hotspot that produces acidic magma and lava.

Answer 29

Yellowstone Supervolcano

Question 30

Classification of Volcanoes (PHIVOLCS)

Answer 30

Active Volcano Potentially Active Volcano Inactive Volcano

Question 31

Had a recorded eruption for the past 600 years, and has datable material since 10,000 years ago.

Answer 31

Active Volcano

Question 32

Geomorphologically young volcano that is currently not erupting, but is supposed to erupt again.

Answer 32

Potentially Active Volcano

Question 33

Has not had an eruption for at least 10,000 years, and is not expected to erupt again in a comparable time scale of the future.

Answer 33

Inactive Volcano

Question 34

Classification of Volcanoes (USGS)

Answer 34

Active Volcano Dormant Volcano Extinct Volcano

Question 35

Difference of the three classification (USGS)

Answer 35

Active Volcano - Had at least one eruption in the past 10,000 years. Dormant Volcano - No historically recorded eruption or had not erupted in thousands of years, but is likely to erupt in the future. Extinct Volcano - Had not erupted within recorded history.

Question 36

A systematic classification of volcanic eruptions based on observations during an eruption.

Answer 36

VEI (Volcanology Explosivity Index)

Question 37

What is included in the VEI

Answer 37

Tephra volume (m³) Column height Eruption type Description Duration

Question 38

Quiet eruptions

Answer 38

Effusive

Question 39

Loud eruptions

Answer 39

Explosive

Question 40

Magma-driven

Answer 40

Magmatic

Question 41

Steam-driven

Answer 41

Phreatic

Question 42

Combination of Magmatic and Phreatic

Answer 42

Phreatomagmatic

Question 43

Effusive, quiet eruptions that produce large volumes of very hot, thin, runny lava and extrudes via fissures.

Answer 43

Icelandic

Question 44

Are similar with Icelandic eruptions, effusive eruptions of large volumes of very hot, thin, runny lava but originates from vents of the volcanoes.

Answer 44

Hawaiian

Question 45

Are more explosive eruptions that shoot thicker lava along with a burst of steam, gas and ash that spatters molten lava.

Answer 45

Strombolian

Question 46

Are series of discrete, loud eruptions in "throat-clearing," canon-like explosions that shoots high velocity blocks, and bombs.

Answer 46

Vulcanian

Question 47

Also called Nuée Ardente eruptions, occur when large amount of tephra, gas, and lava are erupted laterally from the crater, producing "glowing" avalanches.

Answer 47

Pelean

Question 48

are very large, explosive eruptions that involves very viscous magma and produce very large volumes of ash and tephra that can cover a very wide area.

Answer 48

Plinian

Question 49

Occur when water is heated even without contact with magma, and erupts as a mixture of hot water and steam. A common example occurs with geysers

Answer 49

Phreatic

Question 50

also called Surtseyan, are explosive eruptions that occur when water interacts with magma and violently bursts into steam and volumes of ash.

Answer 50

Phreatomagmatic