Volume II - A&P (self-test) Flashcards
1
Q
How many hormones are secreted by the Islets of Langerhans?
A
Three
2
Q
In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up in an orderly fashion and prepare to divide?
A
Metaphase
3
Q
What controls the action of the diaphragm?
A
Phrenic nerve
4
Q
What are the primary female sex organs?
A
Ovaries
5
Q
Where is vitreous humor located?
A
Within the vitreous body
6
Q
What is the outer surface of a muscle called?
A
Epimysium
7
Q
Which part is considered as the “brain” of the cell?
A
Cell nucleus
8
Q
What are “deciduous” teeth?
A
The first set of teeth to develop
9
Q
What type of movement occurs when the entire arm makes circles while stretched out to the side
A
circumduction
10
Q
What type of gland secretes sebum?
A
Sebaceous gland
11
Q
What percentage of odor intensity is lost within the first second after receptor stimulation?
A
50
12
Q
What is the approximate length of the female urethra?
A
1 1/2 inches
13
Q
What type of joint is a condyloid?
A
Synovial
14
Q
What is the dividing of a cell’s nucleus called?
A
Mitosis
15
Q
Between what two parts of the urinary system do the ureters extend?
A
Kidneys and bladder
16
Q
How many lobes does the right lung have?
A
Three
17
Q
What type of joint is a suture?
A
Fibrous
18
Q
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
A
Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth
19
Q
How many extrinsic muscles extend from the outer surface of the eye to the bones of the orbit?
A
Six
20
Q
Where is the prostate gland located?
A
Below the urinary bladder
21
Q
What is the name of the third cranial nerve?
A
Oculomotor nerve
22
Q
What does dynamic equilibrium involve?
A
Interpreting head and body movement
23
Q
What does superior mean?
A
Toward the head
24
Q
What is the correct anatomical position of the eyes as it relates to the mouth?
A
Eyes are superior to the chin
25
What portion of the pharynx is located behind the palate and serves as a passageway for food and air?
Oropharynx
26
Describe the anatomical position of the elbow as it relates to the hand
Elbow is proximal to the wrist
27
How many general processes are involved in the cell life cycle?
four
28
What are the two male accessory organs?
Penis and scrotum
29
What male hormone is responsible for certain male characteristics?
Testosterone
30
What are the involuntary muscle contractions that move food from the esophagus to the stomach?
Peristalsis
31
How do the structures of the cells in the human body differ?
Only in structure
32
How many primary odor groups can the nose detect?
seven
33
What accrediting agency established a list of unsafe and unusable abbreviations?
The Joint Commission
34
What is protraction?
moving a body part forward away from the middle of the body
35
What is the first menstrual cycle in the life of a female called?
Menarche
36
What is the outermost portion of the bone called?
Periosteum
37
Glucagon has a direct effect on which organ?
The liver
38
Where are the adrenal glands located?
The superior portion of each kidney
39
What part of the ear does the pinna guide sound waves into?
External auditory canal
40
What hormone promotes the production of maternal milk following childbirth?
Prolactin
41
Why are some odors difficult for us to detect?
Because olfactory receptors are located high in the nasal cavity
42
What valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
Mitral Valve
43
What is the purpose of medical abbreviations?
Provide a quick, clear, and concise way to communicate through documentation
44
What is the primary stimulus to breathe?
The need to eliminate carbon dioxide from the body
45
When external temperatures are high, what do blood vessels in the skin do? Why
Dilate; to permit an increase in blood flow and stimulate sweating
46
What is the master gland called?
Pituitary
47
How many vibrations per second can normal hearing detect?
20,000
48
At what age do females usually reach puberty?
Thirteen
49
What are the two largest veins in the body?
Superior and inferior vena cava
50
In which phase of mitosis does cytoplasmic division begin?
Anaphase
51
Describe the normal anatomical position
Standing upright, arms at side, palms facing forward
52
What is the outermost layer of a cell called?
Cell membrane
53
Where is the gall bladder located?
Along the inferior surface of the liver
54
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
CNS and PNS
55
What part of the nervous system automatically causes body functions to return to normal?
Parasympathetic
56
When does the life cycle of a cell begin and end?
Begins when the cell is formed
57
What is the main function of pleurae? How many layers do the pleurae have?
To protect the lungs; two
58
The heart is located in what area of the thorax?
Mediastinum
59
What are the two external ear structures?
Auricle (pinna) and external auditory canal
60
Why did JCAHO declare abbreviations such as AS, OS, qd, and cc unusable?
Because of the high risk of being mixed up or mistaken for another abbreviation
61
What two male internal accessory sex organs does the vas deferens connect?
Epididymis and seminal vesicles
62
What type of sweat gland is usually connected to hair follicles?
Apocrine
63
What is contained in the third layer of the alimentary canal wall?
Blood vessels, nerves, glands, and lymphatic vessels
64
How many passageways are in the nasal conchae?
Three
65
After sperm cells are produced, where do they mature?
Epididymis
66
What are the primary male sex organs?
Testes
67
What are the two "female" hormones called?
Estrogen, progesterone
68
What substance is produced in the deepest layer of the epidermis to protect the skin against damage caused by ultraviolet rays from the sun?
Melanin
69
What gland secretes STH?
Pituitary gland
70
What is the longitudinal axis?
An imaginary line that passes lengthwise through a portion of the body or a bone
71
To what part of the circulatory system do the alveoli connect directly?
Capillaries
72
After passing through the lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels merge to form what component of the lymphatic system?
lymphatic trunks
73
How many female external accessory organs are there?
Four
74
Approximately how many hair cells are located in the organ of Corti?
16,000
75
What are macrophages?
Infection-fighting organisms in lymph
76
What quadrant is the stomach located in?
Left upper quadrant
77
How many muscles are in the body?
more than 500
78
What are the three types of neurons?
Bipolar, unipolar, and multipolar
79
When filled to capacity, approximately how much air can the lungs hold?
Six liters
80
What is the main portion of a bone called?
compact bone
81
What is "accommodation"?
The ability of the lens to adjust its thickness and shape to focus on objects at various distances.
82
How many layers does the uterine wall have?
Three
83
What is one function of the integumentary system?
body temp regulation, protection, and external physical characteristics
84
What vein is joined to the thoracic duct?
Left subclavian vein
85
What is "hematopoiesis"?
Blood cell formation
86
Hair shafts are composed mainly of what type of cells?
Dead epidermal cells
87
What is the final step of the urination process?
Relaxation of the external sphincter of the urethra
88
What layer of the skin contains blood vessels, sweat glands, and hair follicles?
Dermis
89
Where are most living substances contained within a cell?
Cytoplasm
90
Where is bile produced and stored?
Produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder
91
Which part of a cell carries vital DNA information to newly forming cells?
Centrosomes
92
Where can you find epithelial tissue?
Throughout the body, covering all body surfaces (both inside and out). Also found in the glands
93
What holds ovaries in their positions?
Ligaments
94
Why does the prostate gland secrete fluid into the ejaculatory duct?
To protect sperm from acidic vaginal secretions
95
Where are intercostal muscles?
Between the ribs
96
The doctor's orders state a patient's vital signs must be completed qid. How often should you take the patient's vitals?
four times a day
97
What part of the nervous system automatically causes body functions to speed up?
Sympathetic
98
How does aging affect the skin?
Decreases skin elasticity
99
What is the function of lymphocytes?
to fight infection
100
What is the function of the villi in the small intestine?
Assist in the movement and absorption of nutrients
101
What is the concave portion of the kidney called?
Renal pelvis
102
What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?
Stratum Corneum
103
What two actions occur in the lens when you look at a distant object?
Ciliary muscles relax and the lens becomes thinner
104
What are the four general types of tissue found in the body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
105
Where are the olfactory receptors located?
In the upper posterior nasal cavity
106
Where are the kidneys located?
In the superior portion of the posterior abdominal cavity
107
When do menses begin?
approx day 28
108
What are the two functions of the lymphatic system?
maintain proper fluid balance and defend against infection
109
What happens to the fluid waste that is filtered from the blood by capillaries in the glomerulus?
It is squeezed into the bowman's capsule
110
What is a condyle?
A rounded bone end that normally meets with another bone
111
What type of movement occurs when the toes are pointed away from the face while lying supine?
Plantar flexion
112
What is the capacity of an adult's urinary bladder?
1,000 - 1,800 mL
113
Into which vein does all lymph eventually empty?
one of the two subclavian veins
114
What are "olfactory tracts"?
Pathways that extend beyond olfactory bulbs
115
What is adduction?
Moving a body part toward the midline or medial plane
116
What are cells that act as hormone receptors called?
Target cells
117
What is the system of chambers and tubes in the inner ear called?
Labyrinth
118
What type of movements does the somatic nervous system control?
Voluntary
119
What does proximal mean?
Closer to a given point of origin
120
What type of muscle is found in the walls of blood vessels?
Multiunit
121
What muscle causes the eye to rotate toward the midline?
Medial rectus
122
Where is the lacrimal gland located?
Within the orbit on the inside of the eye
