Voluntary Motion - Cerebral & Cerebellar Flashcards
(56 cards)
There are several cortical areas associated with the production of voluntary motion, which are…
Primary Motor Cortex
Supplementary Motor Cortex
Pre-motor Cortex
***Parts of pre-frontal cortex and parietal cortex contribute as well, but not as vital in this lecture.
This cortex receives the sensory information required to move. Dorsally, it applies the ‘rules’ that determine whether it is appropriate to move. It identifies the intent of the motion and decides what motion to produce.
Pre-motor Cortex
What are the two divisions of the Supplementary Motor Cortex?
Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)
Pre-Supplementary Motor Area (Pre-SMA)
This division of the Supplementary Motor Cortex is important in postural control.
Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)
This division of the Supplementary Motor Cortex plans the motor program required to make the action occur.
Pre-Supplementary Motor Area (Pre-SMA)
This cortex organizes motor sequences and acquires motor skills. It has executive control (particularly the decision to switch actions/strategies).
Supplementary Motor Cortex
The ________ cortex has identified the purpose of your intended motion. The ________ has identified the sequence of how this is to occur.
Premotor
Pre-SMA
This cortex is within the Precentral Gyrus.
Primary Motor Cortex
This cortex controls specific movements, especially those related to moving the arms/hands to the face (mouth) or body.
Primary Motor Cortex
This cortex controls regions of the body that do fine motions (hands), and it is arranged in columns.
Primary Motor Cortex
In the Primary Motor Cortex, each column has ______ layers that are identified functionally.
6
This layer within the Primary Motor Cortex column receives sensory input (muscle and joint proprioceptors, among others).
Layer 4
This layer within the Primary Motor Cortex column becomes the output for the corticospinal (pyramidal) pathway. It contains Betz cells (very large pyramidal cells).
Layer 5
There appears to be two sets of neurons in each Primary Motor Cortex column. What do each set do?
One set starts the motion
One set maintains the motion as long as necessary
The stimulation of any given column (primary motor cortex) produces a specific movement. If we are in an area that controls a fine motion, stimulation may produce contraction of…
A single muscle (i.e., your fingers)
The stimulation of any given column (primary motor cortex) produces a specific movement. If we are in an area that controls a more general motion, stimulation may produce contraction of…
A group of muscles (i.e., in your back)
Neighboring columns (primary motor cortex) control _______ _______, not neighboring muscles.
Related motions
There seems to be two kinds of columns (primary motor cortex), which do what?
1) On/Off for agonist muscle (activates it)
2) Off/On for antagonist muscle (inhibits it)
Each of the individual motions required to bring a piece of candy to your mouth were coded for by a ________ in the _______ _______ _______.
Column
Primary Motor Cortex
The dorsal visual pathway contains axons from the ________ cortex that travel to the _________ cortex. This input enables us to complete motor acts based on visual input. This information allows you to reach for and grasp objects.
Occipital
Parietal/Frontal
In order to know where an object is in relation to you, the visual cortex information is relayed to the parietal cortex, specifically ______, the _______, the _______, and the ______.
V6A
PEc (caudal area PE of the posterior parietal cortex)
MIP (medial intraparietal area)
VIP (ventral intraparietal area)
The _______ creates a rough map of the space around you, including the bowl of candy.
VIP
From the VIP, the information is sent to ______ within the premotor cortex. This creates a detailed map of the space around you. Neurons here are particularly excited by proximity (i.e., the closer the object is, the more they fire).
F4
For reaching, there is a second pathway that relies on the superior parietal cortex (same as other pathway, includes V6A, PEc, MIP, and VIP). This receives visual information about where your arm is in space (since that’s what is moving). This input is sent to ______ in the premotor cortex. This constructs a related map, but it is of the location of your arm in relationship to your body and the things around you.
F2
***Remember, F4 makes a detailed map of the space around you!
