Voluntary Motion -Karius

Question 1

Cortical areas associated with voluntary motion?

Answer 1

• Primary motor cortex
• Supplementary motor cortex
• Pre-motor cortex
• Pre-frontal cortex and parietal cortex (lesser extent)

Question 2

Role of dorsal visual pathway in voluntary motion

Answer 2

• Enables body to complete motor acts based on visual input (allows you to reach for and grasp objects)

Question 3

Premotor cortex

Answer 3

• Receives sensory info required to move (F4 and F5)
• Dorsal applies the rules that determine whether its appropriate to move
• Identifies the intent of the motion and decides what motion to produce

Question 4

Supplementary Motor Cortex contents

Answer 4

• Supplemental motor area (postural control)

- Pre-supplementary area (plans motor program required to make action occur)

Question 5

Supplementary Motor Cortex roles

Answer 5

• Organize motor sequences
• Acquire motor skills
• Executive control (switch actions/strategies)

Question 6

How is the primary motor cortex arranged?

Answer 6

In columns (each column is associated with a specific movement)

Question 7

Primary motor cortex roles

Answer 7

• Controls specific movements

- Especially important in fine motions (upreg in areas of high representation)

Question 8

What happens if area controlling fine motion is stimulated?

Answer 8

May produce contraction of a single muscle

Question 9

What happens if area controlling general motion is stimulated?

Answer 9

May produce contraction of a group of muscles

Question 10

Which layer of primary motor cortex receives sensory input?

Answer 10

Layer 4

Question 11

What layer is responsible for output of CST?

Answer 11

Layer 5

Question 12

What do neighboring columns control?

Answer 12

Related motions, not neighboring muscles

Question 13

What are the two kind of columns?

Answer 13

1. On/off for agonist

2. On/off for antagonist

Question 14

Role of cerebellum?

Answer 14

• Sequence complex actions
• Correct force/direction
• Balance and eye movements
• Learning of complex actions

Question 15

Central region (vermis) of spinocerebellum responsible for…?

Answer 15

Postural control

Question 16

Peripheral regions of vermis responsible for…?

Answer 16

Force and direction

Question 17

Cerebrocerebellum responsible for…?

Answer 17

Planning complex motions and sequence

Question 18

Vesibulocerebellum responsible for…?

Answer 18

Balance/eye movements AND future (not current) movements

Question 19

Inputs to spinocerebellum (central region)?

Answer 19

• Vestibular
• Visual/auditory
• Efferent copy (what expected motion is)

Question 20

Outputs from spinocerebellum (central region)?

Answer 20

• Interpositus nuc. (globose and emboliformis)
• Fastigial nuc.
• to rubrospinal tract

Question 21

Inputs to spinocerebellum (lateral regions)?

Answer 21

• Muscle afferent

- Efferent copy

Question 22

Outputs from spinocerebellum (lateral regions)?

Answer 22

• Interpositus nuc.

* to rubrospinal tract

Question 23

Inputs to cerebrocerebellum?

Answer 23

• All regions of cerebral cortex

Question 24

Outputs from cerebrocerebellum?

Answer 24

• Dentate nuc.

* Back to cortex

Question 25

Inputs to vestibulocerebellum?

Answer 25

- Vestibular apparatus

Question 26

Outputs from vestibulocerebellum?

Answer 26

- Fastigial nuc. to vestibular nuc. | * Ascends or descends