Vorlesung 1 Flashcards
Introduction (19 cards)
How do natural and anthropogenic water cycles differ?
Natural:
- Percipitation
- In-/Exfiltration
- Run-off
- Evapo-transpiration
Antropogenic:
- Drinking water treatment
- water use
- wastewater treatment
- water reuse /recycling
Which regions have the most/least total renewable water ressources
America, Europe and Asia have the most renewable water ressources.
North and South Africa and Middle East have the less renewable water ressources
How did the water scarcity evolve in the last century?
- On a global level the scarcity increased on a high level
- hightes rise of scarcity in east and south Asia
How did the flood frequencies changed on a global level?
Increased frequency in East Europe and West Asia
Increaded frequency in North America
How did the water supply change in Germany in the past few years?
- supply decreased
What is the biggest supplier in Germany?
Rivers and Groundwater
What is the biggest water consumer in Germany?
Energy supplier (46 %)
Which consumers have the biggest parts of untreated wastewater?
- Energy Supply
- Manufacturing industry
Wihich nations have the biggest water footprint?
UAE, USA, Canda and Israel
What is a typical scheme for water treatment?
Start: Water Source
1. Oxidation (Organics reduction)
2. Coagulation/flocculation
3. Filtration
4. Disinfection
Drinking Water
What is a typical scheme for waste water treatment?
Start: Waste Water
1. Preliminary & primary treatment (Solids (& organics) removal)
2. Secondary Treatment (Biodegradation & nutrient removal)
2.1 Sludge Treatment
3. Teritary Treatment (Polishing & disinfection)
4. Quaternary treatment (Micropollutant removal)
Receiving Water Body
What is waste water?
Waste Water is one or a combination of two or more of the following:
- Domestic effluent including black water and grey water
- Water form commercial establishments and institutions
- Industrial effluent
- Storm water and other urban run-off
What is waste water treamtent?
Treatment to provide an acceptable water quality prior to discharge or reuse
Which effect has waste water on canals?
- concrete errosion
- sludge setteling
Which effects has waste water on waste water treatment plants?
- Bacterial toxicity: i.e. antibiotics, disinfectants, acids, bases, preservatives and heavy metals
(toxicity depends on concentration) - Very sensitive nitrification step may be inhibited
Which effects has waste water on receiving water bodies?
● Eutrophication due to high N & P concentration → algae growth and oxygen depletion
● Aquatic ecosystems, biodiversity & fish population:
− Acute or chronic toxic effects on individual or several species of the ecosystems (i.e. daphnia toxic
compounds)
− Endocrine disruption in species (i.e. oestrogen/estradiol in rainbow trout)
− Accumulation in food chains of persistent compounds (i.e. micro-plastics)
Name the characteristics of industrial waste water (chemical industry).
►Poor biological degradability
● High residence times (15 h instead of 3-4 h)
►Higher raw COD
● High energy consumption (Energy efficient oxygen supply required)
● Aeration by injection, tower biology
►Odor problems (Housing and exhaust air treatment required)
►Toxic peaks possible (Monitoring of toxicity, huge buffer tanks)
►Poor sedimentation of sludge (Post-treatment by flotation)
►Sludge is not disposable (Incineration necessary)
►Typically necessary: huge tank volume, high flexibility of operation
What options exist for environmental protection in industry?
End of Pipe:
- decentralized
- cenralized
Integrated measures
- Product integrated
- Process integrated
Name advanced (waste) water treatment technologies.
- Membrane processes e.g. reverse osmosis
- oxidative processes e.g. ozonation
- adsorption e.g. activated carbon
- biotechnological processes e.g. encymatic processes
