w. 1 chapter 10: Acids, Bases, and Equilibriums

Question 1

According to the Arrhenius concept, if HNO₃ were dissolved in water, it would act as _____.

Answer 1

an acid

Question 2

The name given to an aqueous solution of HBr is _____.

Answer 2

hydrobrormic acid

Question 3

Which one of the following is characteristic of a base?

Answer 3

has a slippery, soapy feel

Question 4

Which one of the following is characteristic of an acid?

Answer 4

produces H3O+ in water

Question 5

The correct formula for sulfuric acid is _____.

Answer 5

H₂SO₄

Question 6

The name of Al(OH)₃ is _____.

Answer 6

aluminum hydroxide

Question 7

Which of the following is correctly identified?

Answer 7

NaOH is a strong base

Question 8

According to the Bronsted-Lowry definition, _____.

Answer 8

a base is a proton acceptor

Question 9

Identify the Brønsted-Lowry acid in the following reaction.
H₂O (l) + CO₃²⁻ (aq) –> HCO₃⁻ (aq) + OH⁻ (aq)

Answer 9

H2O

Question 10

The conjugate acid of H₂O is _____.

Answer 10

H3O+

Question 11

The conjugate base of H₂O is _____.

Answer 11

OH-

Question 12

Ammonium hydroxide is a weak base because _____.

Answer 12

it dissociates only slightly in water

Question 13

Which of the following is the strongest acid?

Answer 13

HCl

Question 14

According to Le Chatelier’s principle, predict whether adding H₃O⁺ causes the system to shift in the direction of reactants, products, or no change.
NH₄⁺ (aq) + H₂O (l) ⇌ NH₃ (aq) + H₃O⁺ (aq)

Answer 14

reactants

Question 15

According to Le Chatelier’s principle, predict whether adding H₂O causes the system to shift in the direction of reactants, products, or no change.
NH₄⁺ (aq) + H₂O (l) ⇌ NH₃ (aq) + H₃O⁺ (aq)

Answer 15

products

Question 16

A chemical reaction has reached equilibrium when _____.

Answer 16

the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.

Question 17

When a reaction is at equilibrium, _____.

Answer 17

the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate

Question 18

Which of the following statements correctly describes the hydronium-hydroxide balance in the given solution?

Answer 18

In bases, [OH⁻] is greater than [H₃O⁺]

Question 19

For Kw, the product of [H3O+] and [OH-] is _____.

Answer 19

1.0 x 10-14

Question 20

What is the [H₃O⁺] in a solution with [OH⁻] = 1 x 10⁻¹² M?

Answer 20

1 x 10^-2 M

Question 21

What is the [OH⁻] in a solution that has a [H₃O⁺] = 1 x 10⁻⁶ M?

Answer 21

1 x 10^-8

Question 22

What is the [H₃O⁺] in a solution with [OH⁻] = 2.5 x 10^-2M?

Answer 22

4.0 x 10 ^-13 M

Question 23

What is the pH of a solution with [H₃O⁺] = 1 x 10⁻⁹ M?

Answer 23

9.0

Question 24

What is the pH of a solution with [OH⁻] = 1 x 10⁻⁴ M?

Answer 24

10.0

Question 25

The [H3O+] of a solution with pH= 2.0 is _____.

Answer 25

1 x 10 ^-2 M

Question 26

The [H3O+] of a solution with pH = 8.7 is _____.

Answer 26

2 x 10^-9 M

Question 27

A solution with [OH-] of 5 x 10^-3 has a pH of _____.

Answer 27

11.7

Question 28

The [H3O+] of a solution with pH = 9.7 is _____.

Answer 28

2 x 10^-10 M

Question 29

An acid and base react to form a salt and water in a _____ reaction.

Answer 29

neutralization

Question 30

In a neutralization reaction, _____.

Answer 30

an acid and a base react to form a salt and water

Question 31

When an acid reacts with a metal like Al, the products are _____.

Answer 31

a salt and hydrogen

Question 32

Which of the following is the correctly balanced equation for the complete neutralization of H₃PO₄ by Ca(OH)₂?

Answer 32

2H₃PO₄ (aq) + 3Ca(OH)₂ (s) → Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (aq) + 6H₂O (l)

Question 33

The neutralization reaction between Al(OH)₃ and HNO₃ produces the salt with the formula _____.

Answer 33

AL(NO3)3

Question 34

Which of the following is a neutralization reaction?

Answer 34

HNO3 (aq) + KOH (aq) → H2O (l) + KNO3 (aq)

Question 35

25.0 mL of 0.212 M NaOH is neutralized by 13.6 mL of an HCl solution. The molarity of the HCl solution is _____.

Answer 35

0.390 M

Question 36

A 10.0 mL of 0.121 M H2SO4 is neutralized by 17.1 mL of KOH solution. The molarity of the KOH solution is _____.

Answer 36

0.142 M

Question 37

The function of a buffer is to _____.

Answer 37

maintain the pH of a solution

Question 38

Normal blood pH is about _____.

Answer 38

7.4

Question 39

In a buffer system of HF and its salt, NaF, _____.

Answer 39

the HF netralizes added base

Question 40

Which of the following is a buffer system?

Answer 40

H₂CO₃ (aq) and KHCO₃ (aq)

Question 41

Which of the following could be a buffer?

Answer 41

HF (aq) + NaF (aq)

Question 42

What is the name of the medical condition of an asthmatic patient with a blood pH of 7.30?

Answer 42

respiratory acidosis

Question 43

If lung problems like emphysema occur, the blood pH of the patient is expected to _____.

Answer 43

decrease

Question 44

When hyperventilation (rapid breathing) causes a patient to exhale large amounts of CO₂, the blood pH rises in a condition called _____.

Answer 44

respiratory alkalosis