w. 3 ch 13 carbohydrates

Question 1

A carbohydrate that gives two molecules when it is completely hydrolyzed is known as _____.

Answer 1

disaccharide

Question 2

Which group of carbohydrates cannot be hydrolyzed to give simpler carbohydrates?

Answer 2

monosaccharides

Question 3

A monosaccharide that consists of 5 carbon atoms, one of which is in a ketone group, is classified as a ______.

Answer 3

ketopentose

Question 4

A monosaccharide that contains 4 carbon atoms, one of which is in an aldehyde group, is classified as a _____.

Answer 4

aldotetrose

Question 5

A monosaccharide that contains 6 carbon atoms, one of which is in an aldehyde group, is classified as a _____.

Answer 5

aldohexose

Question 6

Ribulose has the following structural formula. To what carbohydrate class does ribulose belong?

Answer 6

ketopentose

Question 7

In the carbon cycle, carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose and oxygen by _____.

Answer 7

green plants

Question 8

The breakdown of glucose to chemical energy for the cells to do work is an example of _____.

Answer 8

oxidation

Question 9

Photosynthesis uses _____ as an energy source

Answer 9

sunlight

Question 10

Fructose does not undergo hydrolysis because it is a _____.

Answer 10

monosaccharide

Question 11

Achiral compounds are those which _____.

Answer 11

have no “handedness”

Question 12

Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are known as _____.

Answer 12

enantiomers

Question 13

Which of the following objects in chiral?

Answer 13

a glove

Question 14

Which of the following compounds is chiral?

Answer 14

Question 15

An enantiomer is _____.

Answer 15

a stereoisomer whose mirror image cannot be superimposed

Question 16

Chirality occurs when stereoisomers have mirror images that are _____.

Answer 16

not superimposable

Question 17

How many different substituents are required on a carbon atom for it to be chiral?

Answer 17

four

Question 18

Chiral drugs consist of only one enantiomer. The benefits of using a pure enantiomer, rather than a mixture, include _____.

Answer 18

higher potency (lower total dose of drug), elimination of side effects, and reduced chances of drug interactions

Question 19

In the L-isomer of a Fischer projection of a monosaccharide, the -OH group furthest from the carbonyl is written _____.

Answer 19

on the left of the bottom chiral carbon

Question 20

One difference between D-glucose and L-glucose is _____.

Answer 20

only D-glucose can act as a substrate in metabolic reactions

Question 21

The sugar also known as dextrose, and blood sugar is _____.

Answer 21

glucose

Question 22

Galactose is a _____.

Answer 22

monosaccharide

Question 23

Hypoglycemia is a condition in which _____.

Answer 23

the glucose level in the blood is lower than normal

Question 24

Hyperglycemia is a condition in which _____.

Answer 24

the glucose level in the blood is higher than normal

Question 25

Glucose can have the structure shown below. It can be classified as a _____.

Answer 25

monosaccharide

Question 26

The form of glucose is the _____ isomer.

Answer 26

beta

Question 27

Benedict's test requires an aldehyde and an adjacent _____.

Answer 27

hydroxyl

Question 28

Which sugar is not a reducing sugar?

Answer 28

sucrose

Question 29

Aspartame and Saccharin are two examples of _____.

Answer 29

noncarbohydrate sweeteners

Question 30

When glucose is oxidized the product is _____.

Answer 30

gluconic acid

Question 31

When glucose is reduced the product is _____.

Answer 31

glucitol

Question 32

A glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides can also be classified as a ______.

Answer 32

ether bond

Question 33

In a disaccharide, two monosaccharides are joined by what kind of bond?

Answer 33

glycosidic

Question 34

Which of the following contains a β-1,4-glycosidic bond?

Answer 34

lactose

Question 35

In this figure, the monosaccharide on the bottom is a _____.

Answer 35

ketohexose

Question 36

In this figure, the monosaccharide on the top is a _____.

Answer 36

aldohexose

Question 37

Hydrolysis of the disaccharide above gives the monosaccharides _____

Answer 37

fructose and galactose

Question 38

The disaccharide above contains an ______-glycosidic linkage.

Answer 38

α-2,6

Question 39

Maltose is a _____.

Answer 39

disaccharide

Question 40

Maltose can be classified as a _____.

Answer 40

disaccharide

Question 41

Galactose is a product of enzyme hydrolysis of _____.

Answer 41

lactose

Question 42

Amylose is a ______.

Answer 42

polysaccharide

Question 43

Which of the following contains α-1,6-branches?

Answer 43

glycogen

Question 44

Cellulose is not digestible by humans because it contains glucose units linked by ______-glycosidic bonds.

Answer 44

β-1,4

Question 45

Amylose is a form of starch which has ______.

Answer 45

only α-1,4-links bonds glucose units

Question 46

Amylopectin is a form of starch which has ______.

Answer 46

both α-1,4 and α-1,6-bonds between glucose units

Question 47

Cellulose is a polysaccharide which has _____.

Answer 47

only β-1,4-bonds between glucose units

Question 48

Humans cannot digest cellulose because they _____.

Answer 48

lack the necessary enzymes to digest β-glycosides

Question 49

Under acid hydrolysis conditions, starch is converted into ______.

Answer 49

glucose