W1 - Cellular Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Which parts of a neuron are afferent (input) and efferent (output)

Answer 1

Dendrites - afferent, axon terminals - efferent

Question 2

Are schwann cells a part of the CNS, PNS or both?

Answer 2

PNS

Question 3

Are oligodendrocytes a part of the CNS, PNS or both?

Answer 3

CNS

Question 4

Are myelin sheaths a part of the CNS, PNS or both?

Answer 4

Both - but different components

Question 5

Where are ependymal glial cells found?

Answer 5

Lining the ventricles of the brain + spinal cord

Question 6

What are the macrophages of the CNS?

Answer 6

Microglia

Question 7

Are there more glial cells or neurons?

Answer 7

Glial cells

Question 8

What are the three main areas that glial cells provide support in?

Answer 8

Structure, metabolism and defense

Question 9

How many oligodendrocytes are needed to act on multiple neurons?

Answer 9

1

Question 10

How many schwann cells to a single neuron

Answer 10

1

Question 11

If the diameter of the axon is larger what happens to the conduction velocity?

Answer 11

Increases

Question 12

What type of conduction do nodes of ranvier allow for?

Answer 12

Saltatory conduction

Question 13

What makes up the myelin sheath?

Answer 13

Proteins and fatty substances

Question 14

What 4 glial cells are present in the CNS?

Answer 14

Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal, oligodendrocytes

Question 15

What two glial cells are present in the PNS?

Answer 15

Satellite cells and schwann cells

Question 16

What is the main fuel for the brain?

Answer 16

Glucose

Question 17

What glial cells are a part of the BBB and can form glial scars at sites of damage (gliosis)?

Answer 17

Astrocytes

Question 18

What glial cells are involved in uptake of extracellular K+ and regulation of neurotransmission?

Answer 18

Astrocytes

Question 19

What two other cell types do astrocytes interact with during pathologies?

Answer 19

Microglia and neurons

Question 20

What do astrocytes provide during development?

Answer 20

Structural framework

Question 21

What is there a lot of inside of the soma?

Answer 21

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

What may the synaptic junction be between?

Answer 22

2 neurons or a neuron and a muscle/gland (effector)

Question 23

Where must the signal have reached to have conscious perception?

Answer 23

The cortex

Question 24

What is multiple sclerosis a disease of?

Answer 24

Myelination of neurons

Question 25

What two substances other than glucose can be used as fuel for the brain?

Answer 25

Pyruvate and lactate