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DS2102 Dentures > W1: Edentulous anatomy > Flashcards

W1: Edentulous anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three surfaces of a denture?

A
  1. Impression or Intaglio surface
  2. Polished surface
  3. Occlusal surface
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2
Q

Which surface does the denture lie?

A

A denture lies in the impression/intaglio surface. The denture contacts and takes support from the mucosa in this region.

*may also be referred to as the denture bearing surface/area

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3
Q

True or False: the impresssion/intaglio surface of a denture is polished

A

FALSE

*the inner surface of the denture is not polished

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4
Q

What is the polished surface?

A

The polished surface of a denture is the outer surface of a denture (the denture periphery).

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5
Q

The area or contact areas where teeth meet and complete the act of mastication refers to which denture surface?

A

The occlusal surface

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6
Q

What is the labial freenum?

A

The maxillary labial freenum is a fold of mucous membrane that DOES NOT contain significant muscle fibers.

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7
Q

Where is the maxillary labial freenum located?

A

The labial freenum starts superiorly in a fan shape and converges as it descends to its terminal attachment on the labial side of the ridge

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8
Q

Which type of muscle fibers a part of the labial freenum allow movement ?

A

NONE: the labial freenum DOES NOT CONTAIN SIGNIFICANT muscle fibers therefore the labial freenum MOVES with the MUSCLES of the lip

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9
Q

What is the anatomy of the buccal freenum?

A

The buccal freenum is sometimes a single or double fold of mucous membrane in some mouths. The buccal freenum is broad and fan-shaped.

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10
Q

Which muscles of facial expression affect the buccal freenum?

A

The buccal freenum is affected by buccinator, obicularis oris, and levator anguli oris.

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11
Q

Which areas of the oral cavity comprise the labial vestibule?

A

The labial vestibule is anterior to the buccal freenum

*the labial vestibule is from the central incisor region to the premolar region where the buccal freenum is located

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12
Q

Which areas of the oral cavity comprise the buccal vestibule?

A

The buccal vestibule is from the buccal freenum to the hamular notch

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13
Q

What is the difference between vesituble and sulcus?

A

There is no difference- these terms are interchangeable
Vestibule refers to sulcus depth

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14
Q

Is the tuberosity a part of the maxilla or mandible?

A

The tuberosity is a part of the maxilla

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15
Q

Why is the tuberosity important?

A

The tuberosity is an important denture support area

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16
Q

How is the tuberoisty considerded to be an important denture support area?

A

The maxillary tuberosity is considered to be a primary stress bearing area. It also provides resistance to horizontal movements of the denture.

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17
Q

Define a ‘primary stress bearing area’? ie. function

A

Primary stress bearing areas are areas that are most capable to take the masicatory load providing proper support to the denture

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18
Q

What are the desired properties for a primary stress bearing area?

A
  1. Presnce of cortical bone cover
  2. The area should be right angles to vertical occlusal forces
  3. No underlying structures should be present that will get harmed due to stress
  4. The area should have tightly adherent sufficient fibrous coonnective tissue with overlaynig keratinized mucosa
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19
Q

Where is the hamular notch located?

A

The hamular is located between the distal surface of the maxillary tuberosity and the hamular process of the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone

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20
Q

What does the hamular notch form?

A

The hamular notch forms the distal limit of the upper denture

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21
Q

Describe the relation of the mucosa, hamular notch, and denture

A

The hamular notch is covered by the mucosa of sufficent thickness and can be compressed to acheive peripheral seal

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22
Q

What is the incisive papilla?

A

The incisive papilla is a pad of fibrous connective tissue overlying the orifice of the nasopalatine canal (incisive foramen).

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23
Q

If the incisive papilla overlies the incisive foramen, which neurovasculature exit here?

A

The nasopalatine nerve and vessels exit at the incisive foramen

*the incisive foramen is the same as the nasopaltine foramen

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24
Q

Which nerve is the nasopalatine nerve a branch of?

A

The nasopalatine nerve is a branch of Cranial Nerve V2 The Maxillary Division of the Trigeminal Nerve

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25
Q

What does the position of the incisive papilla indicate?

A

The position of the incisive papilla indicated where the incisors and canines should be set

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26
Q

Is relief required for the incisive papilla?

A

**RELIEF NECESSARY **

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27
Q

Why would relief of the incisve papilla be necessary?

A

Relief of the incisive papilla is necessary because pressure in this area will cause disruption of blood flow and nerve impingement

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28
Q

Scenario: Patient presents to the clinic for a denture review appointmment and points towards the front of the hard palate, complaning of pain and a burning sensation behind the maxillary incisor teeth after full-full denture delivery last appointment.

What is most likely to be the cause of the pain or burning sensation?

A

THE INCISIVE PAPILLA WAS NOT RELIEVED.

Incisive papilla relief is necessary. Pressure in this area by the denture causes disruption to the neurovasculature causing the patient to complan of pain or a burning sensation (disruption of blood flow and nerve impingement).

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29
Q

What processes does the hard palate consist of?

A

The hard palate consits of two horizontal palatine processes and appears to resist resorption.

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30
Q

Which portion of the hard palate is a primary stress bearing area?

A

The horizontal portion of the hard palate is a primary stress bearing area.

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31
Q

What does the midline palatal suture divide?

A

The midline palatal suture divides the right and left horizontal portions of the hard palate

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32
Q

Does the midline paltal suture need to be relieved?

A

Relief is usually required, the overlying mucosa is tightly attached and thin.

33
Q

What are rugae?

A

Rugae are areas of dense connective tissue in the anterior 1/3rd of the palate.

34
Q

What do rugae participate in?

A

Rugae participate in speech and swallowing

35
Q

Are rugae primary or secondary stress bearing areas?

A

Rugae are secondary stress bearing areas

36
Q

What are fovea palatinae?

A

Fovea palatine are bilateral indentations near the near the midline of the palate

37
Q

How are fovea palatinae formed?

A

The fovea palatinae are formed by the coalescence of several mucous gland ducts.

38
Q

Where are the fovea palatinae located?

A

The fovea palatinae always on the soft palate and located posterior to the junction of the hard and the soft palate.

  • in terms of dentures: the fovea palatinae are slightly posterior to the termination of the denture
39
Q

What does the fovea palatinae provide a guide for?

A

The fovea palatine provide a guide to the position of the palatal border of a denture

40
Q

What is the vibrating line?

A

The vibratine line is an imaginary line across the posterior part of the palate marking the divison between the movable and immovable tissues of the soft palate

41
Q

How is the vibrating line identified?

A

The vibrating line can be identified when the tissues are functioning

42
Q

Where is the vibrating line in relation to the fovae palatinae?

A

The vibrating line is located at the midline and usually passes 1 to 2mm anterior to the fovae palatinae

43
Q

True or false: The junction between and hard and soft palate is the vibrating line

A

FALSE
The vibrating line is NOT the junction between hard and soft palate!

44
Q

Where should the distal end of the denture terminate?

A

The distal end of the denture should terminate slightly anterior to the vibrating line on the immovable soft palate.

45
Q

What is the limiting structure for the mandibular labial freenum?

A

The mentalis muscle limits the mandibular freenum inferiorly

46
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action for this structure if applicable?

A

Mentalis muscle
origin: crest of the alveolar ridge
insertion: skin of the chin
action: rasies the lower lip

47
Q

What does this structure dictate?

A

The mentalis muscle dicates the length and thickness of the labial flange extension of the mandibular denture

48
Q

What is an important consideration for the labial notch in the mandibular denture?

A

The labial notch for the labial freenum a part of the mandibular denture requires adequate relief for the mentalis muscle activity.

49
Q

What is the external oblique ridge?

A

The external oblique ridge is a ridge of dense bone from the mental foramen, coursing superiorly and distally to become continous with the anterior region of the ramus of the mandible.

50
Q

How does the external oblique ridge serve as an anatmoic guide?

A

The external oblique ridge is an anatomic guide for the lateral terminatin of the buccal flange of the mandibular denture.

51
Q

How does the external oblique ridge show in an impression?

A

The external oblique ridge shows as a groove in an impression

52
Q

What is the retromolar pad?

A

The retromolar pad is a triangular soft pad of tissue

53
Q

Where is the retromolar pad located?

A

The retromolar pad is located at the posterior end of the lower edentulous ridge (i.e. in the mandible)

54
Q

How is the retromolar pad a limiting landmark?

A

The retromolar pad is the **limiting landmark of the distal extension of a full mandibular denture. The distal extension should be up to the anterior 2/3rds of the retromolar pad. **

55
Q

Where should the posterior teeth end in mandibular complete denture?

A

The posterior occlusal plane (the posterior teeth) should end up at a level 2/3rds the way upon the retromolar pad

56
Q

Is the retromolar pad a primary or secondary support area?

A

The retromolar pad is one of the primary support areas.

57
Q

What is the buccal shelf, where is it located?

A

The buccal shelf is a broad flat surface on the posterior mandible, buccal to the teeth or buccal to the alveolar ridge.

The buccal shelf is located between the mandibular buccal frenulum and the attachement site of the masseter muscle.

58
Q

Is the buccal shelf a primary or seconday stress bearing area? If so, why?

A

The buccal shelf is a primary stress bearing area because the area has the presence of cortical bone and lies at right angles to vertical occlusal forces

59
Q

If there is greater access to the buccal shelf what does this increase the possiblity of for a denture?

A

The greater the access to the buccal shelf the greater the support for the denture possible.

60
Q

What are boundaries of the buccal shelf?

A

Mesially: Buccal frenulum
Distally: Retromolar pad
Medially: Alveolar ridge crest
Laterally: External oblique ridge

61
Q

What is the lingual frenum?

A

The lingual frenum is a fold of mucous membrane a part of the lower jaw.

62
Q

Where is the lingual frenum originate and attach?

A

The lingual frenum originate at the base of the tongue and attaches to the genial tubercle of the mandible.

*the lingual frenum is registered in function

63
Q

What is the genial tubercle?

A

The genial tubercle is the area of muscle attachment of genioglossus and geniohyoid

*genioglossus is the bulk of the tongue

64
Q

Where does the genial tubercle lie in relation to the alveolar ridge?

A

The genial tubercle lies away from the crest of the alveolar ridge

65
Q

In which instance is the genial tubercle prominent?

A

The genial tubercle is prominent in resorbed ridges

66
Q

Is relif required for the genial tubercle?

A

Adequate relief is to be provided

67
Q

Which muscle forms the floor of the mouth?

A

The floor of the mouth is formed by the mylohyoid muscle

68
Q

Where does the mylohyoid muscle lie in relation to one of the major salivary glands?

A

The mylohyoid muscle lies deep to the sublingual salivary gland in the anterior region.

69
Q

How does the mylohyoid muscle affect the border of the denture anteriorly?

A

The mylohyoid muscle **does not affect the border of the denture anteriorly.

70
Q

How does the mylohyoid muscle affect the border of the denture posteriorly?

A

The mylohyoid muscle affects the lingual border of the denture in swallowing and tongue movements in the posterior region.

71
Q

What is the mylohyoid ridge?

A

The mylohyoid ridge is the attachement site for the mylohyoid muscle

72
Q

How may the mylohyoid ridge appear?

A

The mylohyoid ridge may appear sharp or irregular covered by the mucous membrane.

73
Q

How does the denture base affect the mylohyoid ridge?

A

The mylohyoid ridge is an undercut area that can be easily traumatized from a denture base. This can cause lots of pain and therefore **relief necessary. **

74
Q

What is the retromylohyoid fossa?

A

The retromylohyoid fossa is a depression at the distal end of the lingual sulcus. It is at the area posterior to the mylohyoid muscle.

75
Q

What is the relation of a denture and the retormylohyoid fossa?

A

A good denture seal of the retromylohyoid fossa area can be used create or aid in retention and stability (especailly if bone resorption is severe).

76
Q

What are the supporting anatmonic structures of a complete denture?

A

Primary
Mx: Tuberosity, Hard palate (horizontal plate)
Md: Retromolar pad, buccal shelf

Secondary
Mx: Rugae, alveolar ridge
Md: alveolar ridge

77
Q

What are the limiting anatmoic structures of a complete denture?

A

Mx: Hammular notch, fenum’s, fovea palatine, vibrating line, sulcus’

78
Q

Which anatomic structures require relief areas a complete denture?

A

Mx: Frenums, Incisive papilla, mid palatal suture
Md: Frenums, mylohyoid line

DS2102 Dentures (11 decks)

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