W1 - INTRO TO GS Flashcards
(12 cards)
Who originated the term GS + When? What is the line called divided GN/GS
Origin: Ogelsby 1969
Brandt line
What does GS refer to? Give a citation
Broad economic and political conditions, not geographical location
History of colonialism and neo-imperialism (Dados and Connell, 2012)
What is the issue with the term GS
Oversimplification and amalgamation - Is China GS?
Results in using inappropriate policies (World Bank)
What is the solution for the GS term issue?
Use more precise classifications (Khan et al)
What are some key facts about urbanisation trends? Future forecast, relationship with GDP/capita and distribution of urban population
by 2050, 2/3 pop is urban (WB)
GDP/capita proportional to urbanisation (WB)
Cities with <1mn pop accounts for 50% urban pop (UN Habitat)
Why is it difficult to compare two urban areas?
No consensus to what urban is defined as
What are the 5 mainchallenges of urbanisation in GS?
1) Much faster urban growth than in GN, so infrastructure/services supply/demand cannot keep up
2) New phenomenon of urban poverty, high share of unprotected informal workers
3) Socio-spatial segregation enforced by infrastructure disparities reinforced by urban planning (Watson), poor services the rich
4) Environmental vulnerabilities eg Dhaka floods
5) Corruption, bad governance, overreliance on aid
What were the 2 aims of using modern techniques of planning developed in European contexts?
1) Facilitating flows of resources + people
2) Controlling the population via segregation
What are the 4 ways planning is used to control society? Give an example
Yiftachel
1) Territorial dimension - Contain spread of minorities
2) Procedural dimension - Exclusion of minority voices
3) Socio-economic dimension - Sustained deprivation of minorities
4) Cultural dimension - Develop cultural identity at expense of others
Eg. Hong Kong had a dividing line of European/Chinese districts - appropriated land under Western forms of land ownership as a form of control
What are 3 legacies of colonialism seen today + example
1) Persistent uneven economic development post independence which benefits the political elite
2) Ideals of catching up with the west (Watson) supported by international organisation
3) Planning approaches simplistically transferred from GN - GS. Western land rights supersede traditional, although necessary for state land management
Eg. Brasilia as a city for bureaucrats, some satellite cities are still slums
What are the failures of modernist planning in GS? in Watson
1) In conflict with way of life of the inhabitants, so informal city is excluded from formal
2) Unachievable standard of construction, forcing illegal land use and socio-spatial segregation
3) Zoning used to forcefully evict and political control residents, at the expense of the poor
What are critiques of modernist planning and the implications to solve the issues
1) Critiques - Eurocentric bias, planning produced through frameworks influenced by GN and claims to be relevant to GS
2) Implications - Broaden geographic scope of research to GS using experience from eg. Cairo and use the works of Watson
3) Stop GN-GS policy transfers, acknowledge the legacies of past colonial practise
4) Progressive agendas, see planning triangle
