W10 MS Flashcards
what are Demyelinating disorders?
- alterations in CNS structures
- result of damage to the myelin nerve sheath and affect neural transmission
- can occur in either the central (e.g. MS) or peripheral (e.g., Guillani-Barre Syndrome nervous system
what is Multiple Sclerosis?
-Progressive, chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating, autoimmune disorder of the CNS
-degeneration of CNS myelin
-Scarring (Sclerosis or plaque formation)
-Loss of axon
-onset is 20-40 yrs of age
Etiology is unknown but affects mainly women
what are the risk factors to multiple sclerosis?
Smoking, vitamin D deficiency, and Epstein-Barr virus infection
“Clinically isolated syndrome”: single episode neurologic dysfunction (lasting 24 hrs), precursor to MS
what is the patho of MS?
-Diffuse and progressive CNS inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects white and gray matter
-Autoreactive T & B cells and macrophages breach blood-brain barrier and spinal cord accompanied by upregulation of adhesion molecules and inflammation
-Recognize myelin autoantigens which produce antibodies and cause inflammation demyelination
-Loss of myelin sheaths, relative preservation of axons, and glial (astrocytic) scar formation
Diffuse injury and CNS–> MS lesions occur anywhere in white or grey matter
what are the consequences of MS pathophysiology?
- loss of myelin–> which disrupts the nerve conduction and cause symptoms
- also neurons die and brain atrophies
what is clinically isolated syndrome?
- an acute neurologic episode, is the first manifestation of the disease
- Symptoms: Paresthesias of the face, trunk, or limbs; weakness; impaired gait; visual, hearing & speech abnormalities; or urinary incontinence, indicating diffuse CNS involvement
what is optic neuritis
one eye with progressive blurring vision and pain with eye movement
what is spinal cord syndrome?
both sensory and motor tracts starting on one side and progressing to the other
what is brainstorm syndrome?
facial sensory loss or weakness, vertigo, or double vision
what is cerebellar syndrome?
lack of coordination, tremor, gait instability, and ataxia
what is cognitive deficits?
-memory and attention as well as later dementia and psychiatric disorders
symptoms subtypes of MS
-relapsing/remitting
Most common and is characterized by relapses or exacerbations (flares) of previous symptoms or worsening of neurologic symptoms
symptom subtypes of MS
primary progressive MS
-least common and is characterized characterized by a gradual progression of the disease without periods of remission
symptom subtypes of MS (secondary progressive MS)
Characterized by an initial period of relapsing/remitting MS followed by a gradual worsening of the symptoms between relapses
symptom subtypes of MS (progressive relapsing MS (PRMS)
Characterized by steadily worsening symptoms from the onset with clear acute relapses but often with more severe symptoms
