W2 - Info processing and making descisions Flashcards
What are 3 stages we go through before moving?
Stimulus Identification, Response Selection, Movement Programming
What is the reaction time (RT) interval?
is the period of time beginning when the stimulus is first presented and ending when the movement response starts. Being able to minimize RT in such a situation is critical to getting the movement under way as rapidly as possible, and is a fundamental component of many skills
What is the difference between reaction time and response time?
Response time ot the total of RT plus MT (movement time, the period of time from the end of RT until the completion of the movement)
What are 4 of the more common factors that influence processing time?
(1) Number of Stimulus Response Alternatives - as the number increases so does the reaction time (Hick’s Law) (2) Stimulus Response Capability - the extent to which the stimulus and the response it evokes are connected in a ‘natural’ way eg turning handlebars to right, turns wheel to right - compatible (3) specific cultural learning that cause people to act habitually - red stop, green go (4) Amount of Practice - particularly as the number of stmulus responses increase eg driving (5) Anticipation - more skilled the performer, better able to predict what is going to happen
What are the 2 different types of anticipation?
Spatial & Temporal Spatial anticipating where something is going to happen, Temporal, when
What is ‘choice reaction time’?
is the time required to detect and recognize the stimulus and select and initiate the proper response. If there is only one stimulus and one response this is termed simple RT
What are the 3 different types of memory?
(1) Short term sensory store (STSS) - the briefest of all memories, STSS stores vast amounts of sensroy info to be processed (2) The short term memory (STM) or ‘working memory’, temporary holding place for info, eg a person’s name, unless repeated it is (3) Long term memory (LTM) information processed in STM via repetition and connecting the info to other information, for example imagery, sounds, smells and the like. Apply to movement skills as well eg riding a bike.
define the terms neural plasticity and teratogens
neural plasticity which posits that long-lasting, functional changes in the brain are largely due to experience. teratogen (any agent that can cause defects or deformities)
identify 3 healthy behaviours in pregnancy
Avoid teratogens, eat well, be physically active
identify 3 developmental disorders in infants
Prematurity born 3 wks or more from due date; Crerebal Palsy, often associated with prematurity, ‘“a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to nonprogressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain”; Down Syndrome, a genetic disability that results in moderate to severe intellectual disability as well as delays in the onset of motor milestones and atypical motor skill acquisition
Name the 2 ways researchers and clinicians assess infant motor development & there pros and cons
(1) examiner- administered assessments and (2) parent-report measures. The former valid, reliable and objective, are timely, costly, require therapeutic alliance b/w the researcher and the infant, and for the infants motivation and fatigue lvls to be constant.
define the term fundamental movement skills
Those acquired between the ages of 2 & 6 years, that can be divided into three general groupings: stability skills , locomotor skills (walking, running, jumping, and hopping), and manipulative skills (overarm throwing, kicking, and striking). Without which there are limited opportunities for physical activity as children age, because prerequisite skills are not adequately developed. Plus the practice of these can result is public humiliation, which may further limit development opps. Practitioners can use a three-tiered system to classify the level of development for a given fundamental motor skill; initial, elementary, and mature
Describe factors that facilitate or interfere with the acquisition of fundamental movement skills
carefully designed movement environments and progressive educational experiences
distinguish between the whole-body and component approaches to the development of fundamental movement skills
whole-body approach to the development of fundamental movement skills suggests that all components become qualitatively more advanced at more or less the same time. the component approach - different components improved at different times.
