W2 Skel/cart/joints

Question 1

Name 2 types of skeletons and what they consist of

Answer 1

Axial skeleton:
Skull, vertebrae, ribs, sacrum, sternum, coccyx

Appendicular skeleton:
Upper + lower limbs
Pelvic bones

Question 2

What makes up the musculoskeletal (MSK) system?

Answer 2

Specialised connective tissues:
bones, tendons, cartilage + ligaments

Skeletal muscles

Question 3

What is cartilage?
What are the diff types?

Answer 3

1. Foetal precursor tissue in development of bones
2. Hyaline cartilage
   Fibro cartilage
   Elastic cartilage

Question 4

Describe Hyaline cartilage

Answer 4

*purple/grey/blue
*most widespread
*makes up embryonic skel
*in adults, end of bones in free moving joints as articular cart at ends of ribs, nose, trachea, bronchi + larynx

Question 5

Describe Fibrocartilage

Answer 5

*white
*predom in intervertebral disks of spine + menisci of knee
*also in glenoid + acetabular labra + lining of bony grooves for tendons

Question 6

Describe elastic cartilage

Answer 6

*yellow
*more flexible, has elastic fibres + collagen

*makes up external ear, auditory tube of middle ear + epiglottis

Question 7

What is a joint?
3 types of functional joints?
3 types of structural joints?

Answer 7

*also known as articulation/articular surface
*connection that occurs bw bones in skel sys
*make movement possible

Immovable
Slightly movable
Freely

Fibrous:
Connected by fibrous tissue b/w bones in close contact

Cartilaginous:
Hyaline or fibrocartilage

Synovial:
Most complex
Covered by cart
Not directly connected
Allow free movement

Question 8

Name 3 fibrous joints

Answer 8

Suture - only in skull

Syndesmosis

Gomphosis - anchors root of tooth

Question 9

Name 2 cartilaginous joints

Answer 9

Synchondrosis

Symphysis

Question 10

Name 6 synovial joints

Answer 10

1) Plane joint - gliding movements

2) Hinge joint - one direction, back/forth bending/straightening

3) Pivot joint - axial rotation

4) Condyloid/ellipsoid joint - movement in 2 planes flexion,extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction

5) Saddle joint - movement in Sagittal + frontal planes

6) Ball and Socket joint - backward,forward, sideways + rotating movements