W2L2 - Cells I

Question 1

How do scientists classify life into species

Answer 1

Structure of DNA

Question 2

Why do scientists classify life into the structure of DNA

Answer 2

genetic blueprint → if two things have similar genetic blueprint, they are closely related

Question 3

What are the 3 domains of life (BAD)

Answer 3

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes

Question 4

In the 3 domains of life which are eukaryotes

Answer 4

Plant, Fungi, Animals, Protists

Question 5

In the 3 domains of life which are prokayotes

Answer 5

Bacteria, Archaea

Question 6

Main features of Bacteria in terms of structure

Answer 6

Cell wall → classified as gram positive or gram negative

Question 7

How do bacteria move

Answer 7

through the use of flagella

Question 8

Main features of Archaea

Answer 8

Similar shape to bacteria + process DNA like eukaryotes + cell membrane + GI tract

Question 9

To what microorganism is archaea similar in terms of structure

Answer 9

Bacteria

Question 10

How do archaea process DNA?

Answer 10

Like eukaryotes

Question 11

What is a virus?

Answer 11

Rely on host to reproduce, cannot carry out metabolism outside their host

Question 12

What are prions

Answer 12

Proteins → cause degenerative brain diseases → proteins cannot replicate → prions fold normal versions of protein into misfolded

Question 13

What is a cell?

Answer 13

All organisms are made of cells → simplest collection of matter

Question 14

How do cells differ across domains?

Answer 14

Eukaryotic cells: membrane-bound organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, etc)

Prokaryotic cells: simpler, smaller, no DNA in nucleus, no membrane bound organelles

Question 15

What do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common

Answer 15

a plasma membrane, DNA, ribosomes

Question 16

What is a plasma membrane

Answer 16

A selective barrier that surrounds the jelly-like substance cytosol

Question 17

What does the cytoplasm in eukaryotes contain and not contain?

Answer 17

contains cytosol and organelles but doesn’t include the nucleus

Question 18

Where is the DNA found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 18

chromosomes

Question 19

How many chromosomes do prokaryotes have and where is it concentrated?

Answer 19

2, nucleoid

Question 20

Where are the chromosomes located in eukaryotes

Answer 20

nucleus

Question 21

Do prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have ribosomes?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

What are ribosomal functions?

Answer 22

make proteins

Question 23

What are the green portions in plants and algae called?

Answer 23

Chloroplasts

Question 24

What is chlorophyll

Answer 24

A green pigment that allows sugar to be produced when photosynthesis occurs

Question 25

What is the structure of chlorophyll

Answer 25

outer and inner membrane

Question 26

What is the stroma in a chloroplasts

Answer 26

Fluid filled space

Question 27

What does the stroma contain

Answer 27

grana, thylakoid membranes, chloroplast DNA and ribosomes

Question 28

How do you tell how metabolically active a cell is?

Answer 28

from the number of mitochondria in a cell

Question 29

What is the structure of mitochondria

Answer 29

outer membrane and inner membrane

Question 30

What structures does the inner membrane have in the mitochondria that allows it to work more efficiently?

Answer 30

selectively permeable (allow or block substances to enter) and has christae (increases SA)

Question 31

What is inside the inner mitochondria?

Answer 31

Proteins that synthesise ATP

Question 32

Explain pre-endosymbiosis conditions

Answer 32

Prokaryotes → bigger → decreased SA:V → to increase SA:V → formed infoldings → pinched off cell membrane → first eukaryote

Question 33

What is endosymbiosis?

Answer 33

Ancestor of eukaryote → engulf a prokaryote that used O2 to create energy > became an endosymbiont > too much ATP leaked out of endosymbiont > provided eukaryote w energy > mitochondria formed. cyanobacteria turned into chloroplast