W3: The first two years: INFANT Flashcards

Question

BREAST IS BEST --breastmilk is the best form of infant ______; - breastfeeding should be done for the first ______ months up to ______(for antibody transport-immune support) -breastfed babies are ___ ____ to suffer from common illnesses as it stimulates better ____ _____ -mother-infant ______ appear to be _____ if ____-___ babies are given the same maternal attention -Some women are not comfortable they may have inverted nipples (they should say fed is best) -who recommendations are universal

Answer 1

--breastmilk is the best form of infant nutrition; - breastfeeding should be done for the first 4-6 months up to 2yrs ( -breastfed babies are less likely to suffer from common illnesses as it stimulates better immune functioning -mother-infant social interactions appear to be identical if formula-fed babies are given the same maternal attention (breast can be. one way to achieve bonding but can acheive it with formula as well) -Some women are not comfortable they may have inverted nipples --who recommendations are universal

Answer 2

NATURAL:the narrative around breastfeeding is that it is natural and it does not hurt PAIN: the reality - which researchers are trying to encourage health care professionals to acknowledge- is that it can be painful- typically for the first two weeks with the pain then subsiding can lead to(cracked, bleeding nipples, blocked milk ducks) -they are leaving it as natural because they dont want women to be discouraged to breast feed -if it was really a fear of pain then we would not be here (CHILD BIRTH HURTS MORE)

Answer 3

134/1000 in 1901 to 5/1000 in 2006 -precision medicine -ensuring there are trained professionals -understanding of labour delivery

Answer 4

-SIDS is the leading cause of death between 29 days and 1 year of age -SIDS is when the infant appears 'healthy' but than suddenly dies usually during night time -unclear why this happens but with advanced technologies and precision medicine, we can find more info about it to reduce the risk of SIDS - back to bed campaign(, no bedding, sleeping on hard surfaces, sleep near parents for the first 6 months, smoke free environment

Answer 5

North America -generally frowned upon- risk factor of SIDs Asia, Europe, etc -the normative practice ( many cultures continue to practice until 3️⃣ years of age) because etC- is the 3rd letter of the alphabet

Answer 6

1:vision/hearing 2: Touch/motion 3: Smell/ Taste

Answer 7

-Poor at first but develops rapidly (start to see grey) -Newborns hear nearly as well as adults -Infants can locate the direction of some sound at birth

Answer 8

Best developed of all senses

Answer 9

-Smell has nearly unlimited variations -newborns react different to each basic taste at birth

Answer 10

Looking: Babies scan for dark/light contrast (faces are not uniquely interesting to infants- but prefer mothers face) -

Answer 11

At 6 months infants can distinguish sound contrasts in any language By 1 year old, this ability fades and is limited to the sound contrasts by their native language

Answer 12

Cognitive skills changes over the First 2 years and are highly consistent across environments BY 18-24 months: infant has the beginnings of mental representation (think of mental like metal kobe)

Answer 13

1. 0-1 month Reflexes 2. 1-4 months -Primary circular reactions -Accommodation of basic schemes as baby practises them-grasping, listening, looking -beginning of coordination of schemes from different senses -baby still has not linked body actions to results outside of this body 3. 4-8 months -secondary circular reactions - baby becomes more aware of events outside his own body -imitation may occur -beginning to understand of object permanence 4. 8-12 months -coordination of secondary schemes -intentional means-end behaviour -baby goes after what they are interested in and may combine two schemes (move pillow to reach you) 5. 12-18 months -Tertiary circular reactions -‘experimentation’ begins -infant tries new ways of playing with or manipulating objects 6. 18-24 months - begging of mental representation - development of the use of symbols to represent objects or events - the child understands that the symbol is separate from the object

Answer 14

Langauge 2-3: smiling and cooing 4-5: vowel and consonants 6:babbles, utters phonems all language 12 - expressive language emerges, says single words 12-18 -uses word gesture combination with variation in intonation -(holophrases- word and gesture to form thought) 18-20 -uses two word sentences -(telegraphic speech)- has expressive vocabulary of 100-200 words

Answer 15

Freud-Oral Erickson - Trust vs Mistrust

Answer 16

-Emotional development tied to parent-infant relationship -theory- View that the ability and need to form an attachment relationship early in life is a genetic characteristics of all humans

Answer 17

Secure: Avoidant: Ambivalent Disorganized/Disoriented

Answer 18

- Mothers are sensitive to infants’ needs -infants are less fussy and enjoy physical contact

Answer 19

-infant avoids physical contact with parent -shows no preference for the parent over other people

Answer 20

-Little exploratory behaviour (e) -greatly upset when separated from parent (v) -not reassured by the parents return or comfort efforts (m)

Answer 21

- confused or apprehensive infant who shows contradictory behaviour such as moving toward parent while looking away

Answer 22

-emotional responsiveness -mental health -Marital status/ SES

Answer 23

-more sociable and empathetic -More positive in behaviour towards friends and siblings -emotionally mature in interactions in school and other settings outside the home -less clinging and dependent on teachers -less aggressive and disruptive

Answer 24

Go over lecture

Answer 25

A pattern of responding to people and objects in the environment

Answer 26

Inborn predisposition such as activity level that form the foundations of personality

Answer 27

-Activity level ( Vigourous vs passive activity) -Approach/positive emotionality (move toward new activities-positive emotion) -Inhibition ( respond with fear or withdrawal to new situations- precursor to shyness) -negative emotionality (Respond with anger, fussing, or irritability-low threshold for frustration) -effort control/ task persistence (stay focused and manage attention and effort)

Answer 28

Temperament in infancy persists through childhood

Answer 29

Identical twins are more alike in temperament than fraternal twins

W3: The first two years: INFANT Flashcards

(54 cards)