W5

Question 1

exists when a pregnancy has not occurred after at least 1 year of engaging in unprotected coitus.

Answer 1

Subfertility

Question 2

there have been no previous conceptions

Answer 2

primary subfertility

Question 3

there has been a previous viable pregnancy, but the couple is unable to conceive at present.

Answer 3

secondary subfertility

Question 4

the inability to conceive because of a known condition, such as the absence of a uterus.

Answer 4

Sterility

Question 5

When engaging in coitus an average of four times per week,____ of couples will conceive within ___months, and____ within___ months.

Answer 5

50% - 6

85% -12

Question 6

The minimum sperm count considered normal is____/ml of seminal fluid, or______ per
ejaculation.

Answer 6

20 million

50 million

Question 7

A_______________ of the spermatic vein could increase temperature within the testes and slow and disrupt spermatogenesis although whether this actually causes much difference is in doubt

Answer 7

varicocele or varicosity

Question 8

If sperm are present but the total count is low, a man may be advised to abstain from coitus for_____________ at a time to increase the count.

Answer 8

7 to 10 days

Question 9

as_______________,___________, or
___________, and some medications (certain___________ agents) may result
in erectile dysfunction

Answer 9

cerebrovascular accident

diabetes

Parkinson’s disease

antihypertensive

Question 10

(formerly called impotence or the inability to achieve an erection).

Answer 10

erectile dysfunction

Question 11

Solutions to the problem (erectile dysfunction) can include psychological or sexual counseling as well as use of a drug such as

Answer 11

sildenafil

Question 12

of the prostate gland occurs in most men beginning at about 50 years of age.

Answer 12

Benign hypertrophy

Question 13

(urethral opening on the ventral surface of the penis)

Answer 13

hypospadias

Question 14

(urethral opening on the dorsal surface)

Answer 14

epispadias

Question 15

The administration of_____________ to a woman may have some effect in decreasing sperm immobilization because it reduces her immune response and antibody production.

Answer 15

corticosteroids

Question 16

(faulty or inadequate production on ova)

Answer 16

anovulation

Question 17

This is the most common cause of subfertility in women and may occur from a genetic abnormality such as _______________in which there are no ovaries to produce ova

Answer 17

anovulation

Turner’s syndrome (hypogonadism)

Question 18

When either___________ levels are too high, they can disrupt the production of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) leading to subfertility from ovulation failure

Answer 18

glucose or insulin

Question 19

Women should maintain an ideal body weight and height, as represented by a BMI of

Answer 19

20 to 24

Question 20

Some women ovulate only a few times a year because of

Answer 20

polycystic ovary syndrome.

Question 21

Therapy with__________ (Clomid, Serophene) may also be used to stimulate ovulation.

Answer 21

clomiphene citrate

Question 22

In other women, ovarian follicular growth can be stimulated by the administration of

Answer 22

human menopausal gonadotropins (Pergonal)

Question 23

is the abnormal growth of extrauterine endometrial cells, often in the cul-de-sac of the peritoneal cavity or on the uterine ligaments or ovaries.

Answer 23

Endometriosis

Question 24

Daughters of women with endometriosis may develop symptoms of_________ early in life.

Answer 24

dysmenorrhea

Question 25

The excessive production of endometrial tissue may be related to a

Answer 25

deficient immunologic response

Question 26

In many women, it appears to be related to excess estrogen production or a

Answer 26

failed luteal menstrual phase.

Question 27

Abnormal tissue in the pelvic cul- de-sac can cause ______________because it puts pressure on the posterior vagina.

Answer 27

dyspareunia (painful coitus)

Question 28

a synthetic androgen, can be prescribed to help shrink the abnormal tissue.

Answer 28

Danazol (Danocrine)

Question 29

Administration of a GnRH agonist, such as_______________ can reduce hormone stimulation and cause the same effect.

Answer 29

leuprolide acetate (Lupron),

Question 30

infection of the pelvic organs: the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and their supporting structures. The infection can extend to cause pelvic peritonitis.

Answer 30

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Question 31

PID begins with a cervical infection that spreads by surface invasion along the uterine endometrium and then out to the fallopian tubes and ovaries. It is most likely to occur at the____ of a menstrual period because menstrual blood provides an excellent growth medium for bacteria and there is loss of the normal barrier of __________during this time.

Answer 31

end cervical mucus

Question 32

With______, an adolescent notices severe pain in the lower abdomen. She may have an accompanying heavy, purulent discharge.

Answer 32

acute PID

Question 33

PID Therapy involves administration of analgesia for comfort plus specific broad- spectrum antibiotics such as_______ (Mefoxin),_______ (Vibramycin), or_________ (Cleocin)

Answer 33

cefoxitin doxycycline clindamycin

Question 34

In some women, a pelvic abscess forms and must be drained through the __________before healing can occur.

Answer 34

cul-de-sac

Question 35

(enlargement of a testicular vein)

Answer 35

varicocele

Question 36

(collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum)

Answer 36

hydrocele

Question 37

after 2 to 4 days of sexual abstinence, the man ejaculates by masturbation into a clean, dry specimen jar.

Answer 37

Semen Analysis

Question 38

Although sperm penetration studies are rarely necessary, they may be scheduled to determine whether a man’s sperm, once they reach an ovum, can penetrate it effectively.

Answer 38

Sperm Penetration Assay and Anti-sperm Antibody Testing

Question 39

th the use of an assisted reproductive technique such as IVF, poorly motile sperm or those with poor penetration can be injected directly into a woman’s ovum under laboratory conditions _________________, bypassing the need for sperm to be fully motile.

Answer 39

(intracytoplasmic sperm injection)

Question 40

At the time of ovulation, the basal temperature can be seen to dip slightly_______; it then rises to a level no higher than normal body temperature and remains at that level until 3 or 4 days before the next menstrual flow

Answer 40

(about 0.5° F)

Question 41

A woman dips a test strip into a midmorning urine specimen and then compares it with the kit instructions for a color change.

Answer 41

Ovulation Determination by Test Strip

Question 42

This is an ultrasound technique designed for inspecting the uterus. The uterus is filled with sterile saline, introduced through a narrow catheter inserted into the uterine cervix

Answer 42

Sonohysterography

Question 43

This is a radiologic examination of the fallopian tubes using a radiopaque medium and is the second frequently used technique. The procedure is scheduled immediately after a menstrual flow to avoid reflux of menstrual debris up the rubes and unintentional irradiation of a growing zygote.

Answer 43

Hysterosalphingography

Question 44

This may be used to reveal an endometrial problem such as luteal phase defect.

Answer 44

Uterine Endometrial biopsy

Question 45

This is a visual inspection of the uterus through the insertion of a hysteroscope, a thin hollow tube, through the vagina, cervix, and into the uterus.

Answer 45

Hysteroscopy

Question 46

This is the introduction of a thin, hollow, lighted tube through a small incision in the abdomen, just under the umbilicus, to examine the position and state of the fallopian tubes and ovaries

Answer 46

Laparoscopy

Question 47

It is scheduled during the follicular phase of a menstrual period and is done under general anesthesia because of the pain caused by extensive maneuvering. Carbon dioxide is introduced into the abdomen to move the abdominal wall outward and offer better visualization

Answer 47

Laparoscopy

Question 48

This is the instillation of sperm into the female reproductive tract to aid conception. The sperm is instilled into the cervix (intracervical insemination) or directly into the uterus (intrauterine insemination).

Answer 48

Therapeutic Insemination.

Question 49

sperm can be_________ (frozen)

Answer 49

cryopreserved

Question 50

one or more mature oocytes are removed from a woman’s ovary by laparoscopy and fertilized by exposure to sperm under laboratory conditions outside a woman’s body

Answer 50

In Vitro Fertilization

Question 51

In Vitro Fertilization Before the procedure, an ovulation-stimulating agent is given to the woman such as

Answer 51

GnRH

Question 52

ova are obtained from ovaries exactly as in IVF. Both ova and sperm are instilled within a matter of hours, using a laparoscopic technique, into the open end of a patent fallopian tube. Fertilization then occurs in the tube, and the zygote moves to the uterus for implantation.

Answer 52

Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer

Question 53

involves oocyte retrieval by transvaginal, ultrasound-guided aspiration, followed by culture and insemination of the oocytes in the laboratory. Within 24 hours, the fertilized eggs are transferred by laparoscopic technique into the end of a waiting fallopian tube

Answer 53

Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer ZIFT

Question 54

This is an assisted reproductive technique for a woman who does not ovulate. The process involves use of an oocyte that has been donated by a friend or relative or provided by an anonymous donor.

Answer 54

Surrogate Embryo Transfer

Question 55

(outpouching of the bladder into the vaginal wall)

Answer 55

cystocele

Question 56

(outpouching of the rectum into the vaginal wall)

Answer 56

rectocele

Question 57

view of the world and a set of traditions that a specific social group uses and transmits to the next generation.

Answer 57

Culture

Question 58

are preferred ways of acting based on those traditions.

Answer 58

Cultural values

Question 59

refers to the cultural group into which a person was born, although the term is sometimes used in a narrower context to mean only race.

Answer 59

Ethnicity

Question 60

refers to a category of people who share a socially recognized physical characteristic.

Answer 60

Race