W5 Perio risk analysis Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in W5 Perio risk analysis Deck (23)
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1
Q

What is periodontal disease?

A

Results when the balance is changed between pathogenic bacteria and the hosts inflammatory and immune responses.

2
Q

What are local risk factors?

A

At the site, local contributing factors ↑ plaque retention, plaque pathogenicity or directly damage the periodontium. It is possible to eliminate local factors eg - overhangs - croweded teeth malocclusion/malalignment - caries - faulty appliances - tooth morphology - food impaction (contact point) - mature plaque formation - presence of calculus - furcation involvement - incomplete lip seal (xerostomnia)

3
Q

What are systemic risk factors for periodontal disease?

A

Modifiable and non-modifiable Smoking and alcohol Obesity - as BMI ↑ association with periodontal disease Diabetes mellitus

4
Q

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

A

Is a metabloic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia to to defects in insulin and or production. (excess sugar in blood). Type I and II diabetes. ↑ prevalence of periodontal disease in patients with diabetes. The degree of hyperglycaemia and severity of periodontitis. ↑ bone loss in pts with type II. May be a reduced risk for bone loss in pts that control diabetes

5
Q

How can Diabetes Mellitus contribute to periodontal disease?

A

Systemic inflammatory response is a central feature in the pathogenesis of both disease.

  • Higher levels of inflammatory mediators,chemotaxis, gingival crevicular fluid, phagosytosis (impaired)
  • Accumulation of glycation end products
  • Pocket microbiota
6
Q

How can stress contribute to periodontitis?

A

Mechanisims include the disregulation of the host immune response and the impact stress may have on behaviours.

7
Q

How can haematological disorder contribute to periodontitis?

A

Impairs the host response to biofilm and periodontal pathogens. - Leukemia, neutropenia and other rare blood disorders

8
Q

How can osteoprosis contribute to periodontitis?

A

Systemic disoder that results in a reduction in bone-mineral density in the skeletal system - may impact alveolar bone height or clinical attachment loss and periodontitis. Further study must be undertaken

9
Q

How can hormonal fluctuation contribute to periodontitis?

A
  • Puberty - Menstruation - Pregnancy - Menopause - Oral contraceptive pill - hormone replacement therapy
10
Q

How can HIV/AIDS contribute to periodontitis?

A

Results from immunodeficiency associated with - Linerar gingival erthea (redness) - ANUG/ANUP (acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis) acute necrotising ulcerative peridontitis - Necrotising stomatitis (lost mucosa tissue and bone) advanced

11
Q

How can genetic factors contribute to periodontitis?

A

Familial aggregation of aggressive types of periodontitis

12
Q

What are other factors that affect the periodontium?

A

Medications: Gingival overgrowth common side effect of a number of medications that promote gingival overgrowth: Phenytoin (anti seizure) , cyclosporine (immunosupressant) calcium channel blockers (hypertention) Numerous medication also have an effect on saliva flow

13
Q

What are risk characteristics associated with periodontitis?

A

Age Gender

14
Q

How can age contribute to periodontitis?

A

Prevalence and severity of periodontal disease ↑ with age. More related to the length of time where periodontal tissues have been exposed to bacterial plaque and reflects individuals cumulative oral history

15
Q

How can gender contribute to periodontitis?

A

Men have a higher incidence of diease experience than females 28.1% vs female 20.3%

16
Q

How can socioeconomic status relate to peridontal disease?

A

↑ income ↓ prevalence

17
Q

How can periodontal disease be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

A

Peridontal disease eleicits a systemic inflammatory response and impact of periodontal pathogens in atherosclerosis development

18
Q

How can periodontal disease be a risk factor for Diabetes

A

Reciporcal relationship most likely to relate to reduced systemic inflammation. Treatment of peridontal disease ↑ glycemic control !

19
Q

What are the 3 possible levels of the ginigval margin?

A

Margin slightly coronal to CEJ Margin significantly covers CEJ Margin significantly apical to CEJ

20
Q

What does the margin slightly coronal to CEJ indicate?

A

The natural position of the gingival margin health

21
Q

What does the Margin significantly covers CEJ indicate?

A

Commonly seen in gingivitis, caused by medications

22
Q

What does the Margin significantly apical to CEJ indicate?

A

Recession, common in periodontitis

23
Q

How do yo measure recession?

A

Measure the distance from the gingival margin to the CEJ