W6: Ethics in Action and Giving Voice to Value

Question 1

cccccc What is the duty of care for a registered nurse?

Answer 1

To take reasonable care to ensure that their actions or omissions do not cause foreseeable harm to others.

Question 2

How should nurses act in terms of duty of care?

Answer 2

Above the minimum expected standards of the profession

Question 3

What fundamental question does ethics ask?

Answer 3

What is the right thing to do?

Question 4

When do duties and obligations arise in nursing?

Answer 4

When interacting with stakeholders, based on human values.

Question 5

What is the foundation of good ethical reasoning?

Answer 5

good ethical and moral reasoning is built on rationality, on good thinking

Question 6

What skills does ethical competence enhance?

Answer 6

• Good communication and leadership skills; capacity to work in
  groups.
• Ability to give a reasoned account of one’s decisions and actions.

Question 7

What question does virtue ethics ask?

Answer 7

What should I do if I aim to become a virtuous person?

Question 8

What are personal values?

Answer 8

Subjective values that are important to individuals.

Question 9

What are shared values in society?

Answer 9

Values that are equally important to all, such as autonomy and respect.

Question 10

What are some key nursing values?

Answer 10

The nursing profession also has a set of shared values that nurses
are expected to uphold such asCompassion, integrity, advocacy, and confidentiality.

Question 11

What is the purpose of the ICN Code of Ethics?

Answer 11

• a guide for action based on
  social values and needs. It will have meaning only as a living
  document if applied to the realities of nursing and health care in a
  changing society.
• To guide nursing actions based on social values and needs.

Question 12

What question does normative ethics address?

Answer 12

Why is a certain action right or wrong?

Question 13

What are some examples of normative ethical theories?

Answer 13

Deontology, virtue ethics, and utilitarianism.

Question 14

What does the GVV implemenation focus on?

Answer 14

• Implementation of ethical decisions the “how” of ethical action.
• GVV focuses on what happens after a person has made a decision
  about what they think is the right thing to do in a situation

Question 15

What is the main question GVV asks?

Answer 15

How do I go about it? What should I say?

Question 16

What is a values conflict?

Answer 16

• A values conflict arises when we believe that what is right is not
  being respected
• The other person often does not realise that the value is not being
  respecte

Question 17

What is the focus of GVV?

Answer 17

• It focuses on action, however emphasises that the same way we are able to choice to act on our values assumes that we are aware of and can articulate our values.
• ## Conscientious decision-making

Question 18

What is the purpose of GVV?

Answer 18

• Aims to assist practitioners to act in accordance with their
  values
• The ethical decision has been made before implementing the GVV

Question 19

What are the seven steps in the Kerridge Model?

Answer 19

1. State the problem
2. Get the facts
3. Consider fundamental principles
4. Explore perspectives
5. Identify ethical conflicts
6. Consider the law
7. Make an ethical decision

Question 20

What is conscientious decision-making?

Answer 20

Respecting the distinction between reasons and rationalizations and recognizing emotional motivations in ethical decision-making.

Question 21

what is an advocate?

Answer 21

A person who puts a case forward on some else’s behalf. Speaks on
behalf, and for the benefit, of another.

Question 22

How can GVV be applied to patient advocacy?

Answer 22

By assisting nurses in articulating concerns and advocating for patients to other stakeholders effectively.

Question 23

Why is GVV considered valuable?

Answer 23

• It assists in developing the
  competence and confidence of practitioners to act, to voice their
  values and therefore to be effective moral practitioners
• Acting on one’s values makes it more likely that one will also act
  upon one’s values when values conflicts arise in the future

Question 24

What is the GVV Pillar 1

Answer 24

Values

Question 25

What values are emphasized in GVV for healthcare professionals?

Answer 25

honesty, respect, responsibility, fairness, and professional values such as confidentiality, informed/voluntary consent, maintaining boundaries, integrity (prudent clinical judgment), and self-care.

Question 26

What is the GVV Pillar 2

Answer 26

Choice: Recognize that we are all capable of acting on our values and that we have done so in the past.

Question 26

What are enablers in the GVV context?

Answer 26

Factors that make it easier to voice values, such as supportive supervisors or past positive experiences.

Question 27

What are disablers in the GVV context?

Answer 27

Factors that hinder ethical action, like time pressure or fear of backlash.

Question 28

What is the GVV Pillar 3

Answer 28

Normalisation

Question 29

What is the key message of the normalization pillar in GVV?

Answer 29

Expect that values conflicts will arise and prepare for them. ❑ Expect that we’ll inevitably face values conflicts in practice; and might have to take risks. ❑ It is easier to voice one’s values in some contexts than in others

Question 30

What is the GVV Pilllar 4

Answer 30

Purpose

Question 31

How does defining personal purpose assist in ethical decision-making?

Answer 31

It helps align actions with long-term goals and moral integrity

Question 32

What is the GVV Pillar 5

Answer 32

Self knowledge and alignment

Question 33

Why is self-knowledge important in GVV?

Answer 33

It helps individuals play to their strengths when advocating for values.

Question 34

What is the GVV Pillar 6

Answer 34

Voice

Question 35

How does the Voice pillar develop over time?

Answer 35

By practicing effective communication styles that align with one’s values.

Question 36

What is the GVV Pillar 7

Answer 36

Reasons and Rationalisation

Question 37

What are common rationalizations in ethical conflicts?

Answer 37

“It’s not my responsibility,” “This is standard practice,” and “It’s not a big deal.” ❑ Tendency to act in ways that are comfortable and safe ❑ Desire to avoid systematic disadvantage (barriers to nurses reporting patients for clinical review: bullying from colleagues)

Question 38

How can one effectively counter these rationalizations?

Answer 38

By scripting responses that challenge these rationalizations and promote ethical action.

Question 39

What are common rationalizations addressed in the seventh pillar, Reasons and Rationalizations?

Answer 39

Statements like “It’s not my responsibility,” “This is standard practice,” or “It’s not a big deal” that justify inaction or unethical behavior.

Question 40

How does the sixth pillar, Voice, help in implementing ethical decisions?

Answer 40

Developing a communication style that is both effective and aligned with one’s values, making it easier to advocate for ethical practices.

Question 41

What does the fifth pillar, Self-knowledge and Alignment, emphasize?

Answer 41

Understanding one’s strengths and behavioral tendencies to act in ways consistent with personal and professional values.

Question 42

How does the fourth pillar, Purpose, guide ethical actions?

Answer 42

By defining personal and professional goals, nurses align their actions with their long-term professional identity and moral integrity.

Question 43

What is the third pillar of GVV and its implication?

Answer 43

Normalization – Expecting and preparing for values conflicts as a regular part of nursing practice.

Question 44

What is the second pillar of GVV and its components?

Answer 44

Choice – Recognizing enablers (e.g., supportive supervisors) and disablers (e.g., time pressure) that impact ethical action.

Question 45

What is the first pillar of GVV and its significance?

Answer 45

Values – Identifying shared values like honesty, integrity, and confidentiality that underpin ethical nursing practice.

Question 46

What is the focus of Giving Voice to Values (GVV)?

Answer 46

GVV focuses on the implementation of ethical decisions by preparing individuals to voice and act upon their values effectively.

Question 47

What is an example of a scripted response to the rationalization, “This is just standard practice”?

Answer 47

“I understand that this is how things have been done, but I believe we need to reconsider the potential impact on patient safety and ethical standards.”

Question 48

How can a nurse effectively respond to the rationalization, “It’s not a big deal”?

Answer 48

“Even small actions can have significant consequences, especially when patient well-being is at stake. Let’s discuss how we can address this appropriately.”

Question 49

Why is scripting important in the context of GVV?

Answer 49

Scripting helps nurses prepare effective responses to anticipated rationalizations, ensuring they remain assertive in voicing their values.

Question 50

How does effective communication contribute to ethical decision-making?

Answer 50

It enables nurses to articulate concerns clearly, advocate for patient rights, and negotiate ethical solutions effectively.