W8- Lecture 38- Connective Tissue Flashcards by Alexandros Kizas

Name 6 types of connective tissues

Loose connective tissue 
Adipose Tissue 
Blood 
Fibrous connective tissue
Cartilage 
Bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe connective tissues(4)

Deep tissues never exposed to outside environment of body
Support and bind other tissues
Store nutritional substances
Produce protective and regulatory substances
Diverse tissues

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe superficial fascia

aka subcutaneous layer or hypodermis
Between skin and underlying organs
Areolar tissue and fat

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe deep facia

Forms strong fibrous internal framework
Dance connective tissue
Bound to capsules, tendons and ligaments

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe subserous fascia

Between serous membranes and deep fascia

Areolar tissue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is connective tissue derived from

Mesoderm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the vascular network of connective tissues

Highly vascularised and well nourished

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the three basic components of connective tissues

Specialised cells

Protein fibres collagen

Ground substance aka matrix

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name three types of connective tissues + each has two subtypes

Connective tissue proper (loose/dense)

Fluid connective tissues(blood/lymph)

Supporting connective tissues (cartilage/bone)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Named five supporting cells found within connective tissues

Fibroblasts
Chondrocytes
Osteocytes
Myofibroblasts
Adipocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name 3 different types of connective tissue fibres

+ qualities

Collagen
Long straight branched strong and flexible

Reticular
Thinner than collagen, forms branching interwoven network
Elastic
Branched, wavy, after stretching returns to normal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which is thinner

Collagen or reticular fibres

Reticular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name 5 classifications of connective tissues

Embryonic 
Proper 
Cartilage 
Bone 
Blood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe embryonic connective tissues
Tissue name
+function/ action

+ how long does it last

Undifferentiated - mesenchyme(the tissue)

During development tissue ,migrates and interacts with other tissues
To form organs

Some continues past then embryonic period

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe popper connective tissue

Cell shape

+ function

+ qualities (1)

Large spindle shaped cells (fibroblasts)

Produces collagen, elastin and reticular fibres

Loose flexible matrix

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe loose proper connective tissue

+ eg

Flexible strength in all directions

Skin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe dense regular proper connective tissue

+ eg

Densely pack collagen fibres Parallel to direction of force

Tension/ ligaments

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe dense irregular proper connective tissue

+ eg

Densely packed collagen fibres

Dermis of skin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe elastic proper connective tissue

+ eg

Elastic fibres can stretch 1.5 times + return

Walls or large arteries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe reticular proper connective tissue

+ eg

Jelly like matrix - forms matrix for organs

Liver / spleen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe adipose proper connective tissue

+ function

Cells store fat droplets

Acts as food reservoir , protect organs and act as an insulator

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe cartilage tissue

Cell type

Matrix ?

Vascular system

Chondrocyte(cartilage cell)

Semisolid matrix with elastic properties

Avascular = difficult to hear

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name three different cartilages

Based on

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

(amout of fibres in matrix )

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe hyaline cartilage
Structure

Function

Translucent matrix
Matrix contains closely packed collagen fibres
Covered in dance perichondrium

Provides Tough but flexible support

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe examples of hyaline cartilage

``` Between tips of rib Sternum bones Covering surfaces in synovial joints Larynx Naval septum ```

Describe elastic cartilage E.g Function

Contains elastic fibres + tolerates distortion Outer ear / Epiglottis Provides support but tolerates distortion + returns to original shape

Describe fibrocartilage Structure Qualities Function E.g

Matrix dominated by large collagen fibres which are densely interwoven Tough durable, resists compression, absorbs shock Prevents bone to bone damage Pads of knee joint, between pubic bones, intervertebral discs

What is the bone continually going through

Continually going through bone remodelling

Describe the formation of a bone | 5 steps

Bon collar forms round hyaline cartilage model The cartilage in the centre of the diaphysis calcifies and then develops cavities The periosteal bud invades the internal cavities and spongy bone begins to form The shaft elongates and the medullary cavity forms. Secondary ossification centre appears in the epiphytes in preparation for the next stage The epiphyses ossify after completion - hyaline cartilage remains only in the epiphyseal plates and the articulated cartilages

Describe the six functions of bones

``` Protects internal organs Stores and releases fat Stores and releases minerals Produces blood cells Facilitates movement Supports the body ```

Name the two sections of the skeleton

Axial + Appendicular

Name the 4 types of cells within bone

Osteoprogenitor - Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Osteocytes

What compound makers bones - rigid - flexible

- calcium phosphate | - collagen fibres

Are bones metabolically active ? Vesicular supply

Yes Rich vascular supply

Name two types of bone Which part produces blood cells ‘ contains marrow

Compact/dense Spongy/cancellous (contains marrow and produces blood cells )

what tissue are all connective tissues formed ?

Osteoprogenitor

Which cell secreted collagen fibres to build extracellular matrix of bone tissues

Osteoblasts

Which cell maintains daily metabolism of bone tissue such as exchange nutrients with blood

Osteocytes

What cell releases powerful enzymes that digest the protein and mineral components of the extracellular matrix

Osteoclasts

What are the main cells of bone tissue ?

Osteocytes

What cells form bone matrix

Osteoblasts

Which cell within the bone is undifferentiated ?

Osteoprogenitor

Describe the difference in function of yellow and red bone marrow

Yellow - stores fat Red- responsible for producing blood cells (hometopoiesis)

Describe the structures of compact bone

Osteons make up structure Osteocytes arranged in concentric layers around central canal with blood vessels Lamellae of osteon form cylinders around canal Surrounded by periosteum

Describe the structure of spongy bone

Lamellae from rods = trabeculae Frequent branching of thin trabeculae create open network Red marrow in the spaces Nutrients via canaliculi

Describe the structures of bone Diaphysis Epiphysis Metaphysis

Diaphysis - shaft Epiphysis - proximal and distal ends Metaphysis - Regions between the shaft and ends

Describe the Periosteum Structure Function

Tough connective tissue sheath Associated with blood supply + supplies the bone surface

Describe the medullary cavity of a bone Function?

Cavity within the diaphysis (shaft) That contains bone marrow + blood vessels

Name 5 types of bone + shape | + EG

Long bone = tubular (femur ) Short bones= cuboidal () Flat bones = protective functions (cranium ) Irregular bones = various shapes (zygomatic ) Sesamoid bones = in tendons (patella )

What are ordinary blood plasma levels

Between 9-11mg/100mL

Name the two types off reduction in treating a fracture + explain

Closed reduction - fractured ends of bone are realigned by manual manipulation and the skin remains intact Open reduction- fracture ends are realigned by a surgical procedure using fixation devices such as screws.

Within the bone where do nutrient arteries pass through ? How does blood reach osteocytes How are ends of bones supplied with blood

Nutrient Foraman Via haversian systems Metaphysiseal and epiphyseal arteries

Describe the stages of bone fracture repair (internal )

Blood vessels crossing the fracture line are broken Mass of blood forms around the site of the fracture (hematoma ) Blood vessels grow in the fracture Phagocytes + osteoclasts begin to clear up dead blood cells Fibroblasts from periosteum invade fracture site and produce collagen fibres Ostoprogenitor cells develop into osteoblasts which begin to produce spongy bone Dead portion of fragments the absorbed by osteoclasts Compact bone replaces spongy bone around the periphery of the fracture

Name three types of joints

Fibrous -cranium Cartilaginous - Synovial

Describe cartilaginous joints Primary Secondary

United by hyaline/fibro cartilage Primary cartilaginous joints are temporary joints Secondary cartilaginous joints string and slightly moveable united by fibrocartilage

Describe synovial joints

Most common type of joint Provide free movement Joints of locomotion

Describe plane joints Movement +eg

Allows gliding/ sliding in plane of articular surfaces Acromioclavicular joint

Name the difference between three different grades of sprains

1- slight displacement ligament may be stretched or partially torn 2- partial separation some ligaments damaged 3-complete separation large displacement capsule around joint are torn along with all ligaments

Describe hinge joints Movement Capsule ? E.g

Allow flexion and extension only Capsule thin Elbow

Describe condyloid joints Movement E.g

Flexion, extension , Adduction and abductions E.g metacarpophalangeal

Describe pivot joints Movement Eg

Permits rotation around central axis Atlantoaxial joint (allows movement if head )

Describe ball and socket joints Movement Example

Allows movements in multiples planes Spheroid also surface of one bone moves within another

Name 3 types of vascular cells

Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes (platelets )