War and consequences

Question 1

9 years’ war (France)

Answer 1

1688-1697
- Initially defending the Netherlands from French threat
- Whigs enthusiastic, financially generous; Tories more suspicious
- Ended by Treaty of Ryswick 1697

Question 2

Grand Alliance

Answer 2

• December 1689
• Reconstituted in 1701
• Alliance between England, Dutch Republic, and Holy Roman Empire against France

Question 3

Losses

Answer 3

• 1690-92, deteriorating military performance
• 1690- defeated at Fleurus
• 1691- lost Mons
• 1692- Steenkirk stalemate

Question 4

Battle of Steenkirk

Answer 4

• July 1692
• Bloody stalemate
• Desperate need for more money, Tories reluctant
• William appointed several Whigs to Privy council (reluctantly, disliked several leading men)
• Sunderdale key adviser, told him to radically change ministry

Question 5

Battle of Landen

Answer 5

• July 1693
• Great Anglo-Dutch loss
• Mediterranean merchant fleet captured by France
• War cost £3 million a year now

Question 6

William captures Namur

Answer 6

• 1695
• Optimism injected through financial revolution
• Namur considered impregnable- great victory

Question 7

Treaty of Ryswick

Answer 7

September 1697
- Formally ended the War; recognised William as King
- Led to decline in Whig influence
- Led to grievances over standing army

Question 8

Disbanding Bill

Answer 8

• 1699
• Disbanded standing army- key complaint (kept land tax high)
• Began by Country party (Tories), joined by all MPs

Question 9

Second war with France

Answer 9

• began 1702
• Louis XIV made moves on Dutch Republic and recognised James II’s son as king
• Tories did not see a Stuart restoration too negatively as long as he converted
• Led to Abjuration Oath

Question 10

Abjuration Oath

Answer 10

• Oath renounced all support for the Pretender
  > Pretender was what James’ son was known as to Anglicanism
• Many Tories (Nottingham) agonised before taking it, expressing disquiet
• Division more prominent again