WATER Flashcards
WHAT IS WATER INSECURITY
Not having enough CLEAN WATER
CANADA
WHAT DOES WATER SECURITY DEMAND ON?
Number of people
Amount of water available
MEXICO
WHAT DOES SURPLUS MEAN
More water than needed
WHAT DOES DEFICT MEAN
Not enough water
WHAT CAUSES WATER SECURITY
High rainfall
Low population density
CANADA
WHAT CAUSES WATER INSECURITY
Low rainfall
High Population density
WHY IS WATER DEMAND RISING
RISING POPULATION Global population is increasing Each person needs water ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Becoming increasingly developed 1) industrialization 2) energy production (15%) 3) rising living standards
WATER EFFECTS WATER AVAILABILITY
PHYSICAL FACTORS
CLIMATE - Climate hot- evaporation
Climate change
GEOLOGY - Impermeable rocks eg.clay
Permeable rocks eg.sandstone
ECONOMIC + SOCIAL FACTORS
OVERABSTRACTION - More water is used than replaced
POLLUTION - reduce clean water
INFRASTRUCTURE - Rapid urbanisation not enough water pipes
POVERTY - Have to find other source
WATER INSECURITY IMPACTS
POLLUTION - scarce drinking water
Diseases eg. CHOLERA
FOOD PRODUCTION - Irrigation for agriculture less water starvation
INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT - Manufacture can’t produce as much economy
CONFLICT - fighting over water
WATER SUPPLY INCREASE
WATER TRANSFER 1)Large scale engineering surplus- defict 2)Transferred canal and pipe DAMS AND RESERVOIR 1)Building a dam traps alot of water 2)Consistent all year around eg. BIRMINGHAM From ELAN VALLEY
WHAT IS DESALINATION
REMOVAL of salt from seawater
SAUDI ARABIA- First solar power
UK- only on droughts eg. London 400,000 homes
DUBAI- 99.8% FROM desalination with 140 million gallons per day
HOW TO GET SUSTAINABLE SUPPLIES
WATER CONSERVATION
- fix leaking reservoirs
- dual flush toilets (save 3.5l)
- more efficient appliances
- irrihating farms with drip
- water meters
- education
GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT
- Laws
- Farmers apply less fertilisers
RECYCLING + GREY WATER
- Reuse
- homes and treatment plants
