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Water AI Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the water cycle?

A

The water cycle is the continuous process by which water moves from the Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back.

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2
Q

What are the main processes involved in the water cycle?

A

The main processes are evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, and runoff.

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3
Q

True or False: Transpiration is the process by which water vapor is released from plants.

A

True

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The process that occurs when water vapor cools and forms liquid water is called ______.

A

condensation

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5
Q

What is precipitation?

A

Precipitation is any form of water that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail.

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a form of precipitation? A) Rain B) Snow C) Evaporation D) Hail

A

C) Evaporation

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7
Q

What role does the sun play in the water cycle?

A

The sun provides the energy needed for evaporation to occur.

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8
Q

Define infiltration in the context of the water cycle.

A

Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil.

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9
Q

What is runoff?

A

Runoff is the flow of water that occurs when excess water from rain or melting snow flows over the ground and returns to bodies of water.

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10
Q

True or False: Acid rain is a type of precipitation that has a higher acidity than normal rain.

A

True

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11
Q

What causes acid rain?

A

Acid rain is caused by pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides that mix with water vapor in the atmosphere.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: Pollution in the water cycle can lead to ______ of water sources.

A

contamination

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13
Q

What is the impact of pollution on the water cycle?

A

Pollution can harm ecosystems, affect water quality, and disrupt the natural processes of the water cycle.

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14
Q

Multiple Choice: Which process is directly affected by temperature changes? A) Evaporation B) Infiltration C) Runoff D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

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15
Q

What is the term for the movement of water vapor from the leaves of plants into the atmosphere?

A

Transpiration

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16
Q

True or False: The water cycle only occurs on land.

A

False

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17
Q

What is the role of clouds in the water cycle?

A

Clouds form when water vapor condenses, and they are essential for transporting water in the atmosphere before precipitation occurs.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas is called ______.

A

evaporation

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19
Q

What is groundwater?

A

Groundwater is water that is stored beneath the Earth’s surface in soil and rock formations.

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20
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a source of groundwater recharge? A) Rainfall B) Evaporation C) Transpiration D) All of the above

A

A) Rainfall

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21
Q

What is the significance of the water cycle for ecosystems?

A

The water cycle is crucial for maintaining ecosystems, providing freshwater for plants and animals, and regulating climate.

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22
Q

True or False: Water can exist in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.

A

True

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23
Q

Describe the process of condensation in the water cycle.

A

Condensation occurs when water vapor cools and changes back into liquid water, forming clouds.

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24
Q

What can excessive runoff lead to?

A

Excessive runoff can lead to soil erosion, flooding, and the pollution of water bodies.

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25
Fill in the blank: The water cycle is also known as the ______ cycle.
hydrological
26
What are coral reefs often referred to as due to their biodiversity?
The 'rainforests of the sea'.
27
True or False: Coral reefs provide habitat for approximately 25% of all marine species.
True.
28
Fill in the blank: Coral reefs are vital to the __________ of coastal communities.
economy.
29
What is one major threat to coral reefs caused by climate change?
Ocean acidification.
30
List one human activity that threatens coral reefs.
Overfishing.
31
What is coral bleaching?
A phenomenon where corals lose their color and vital symbiotic algae due to stress, often from rising temperatures.
32
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a benefit provided by coral reefs? A) Coastal protection B) Tourism C) Oil production
C) Oil production.
33
What role do coral reefs play in protecting coastlines?
They act as natural barriers against waves and storms.
34
True or False: Coral reefs can regenerate quickly after being damaged.
False.
35
What is one potential solution for coral reef preservation?
Establishing marine protected areas.
36
Fill in the blank: The process of restoring damaged coral reefs is known as __________.
coral restoration.
37
How does pollution affect coral reefs?
It can lead to algal blooms that suffocate corals and disrupt their ecosystems.
38
What is one way to educate the public about coral reef preservation?
Through community outreach programs.
39
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a major contributor to coral reef degradation? A) Sustainable tourism B) Coastal development C) Marine conservation
B) Coastal development.
40
What is the significance of coral reefs for fisheries?
They serve as breeding and nursery grounds for many fish species.
41
True or False: Coral reefs can survive without their symbiotic algae.
False.
42
What is the impact of rising sea temperatures on coral reefs?
It can lead to coral bleaching and increased mortality rates.
43
Fill in the blank: __________ is a technique used to grow corals in nurseries before transplanting them to reefs.
Coral gardening.
44
What are some signs of a healthy coral reef?
Diverse marine life, vibrant colors, and minimal algae overgrowth.
45
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a factor in coral reef resilience? A) Genetic diversity B) Monoculture C) Pollution
A) Genetic diversity.
46
How does climate change impact ocean currents relevant to coral reefs?
It alters currents, affecting nutrient flow and water temperature.
47
What is a key component of effective coral reef management?
Collaboration among governments, scientists, and local communities.
48
True or False: Coral reefs are found in both tropical and temperate waters.
False.
49
What is one method of reducing human impact on coral reefs?
Implementing sustainable fishing practices.
50
Fill in the blank: __________ contributes to the loss of coral reefs through sedimentation and nutrient runoff.
Agricultural runoff.
51
What is the role of tourism in coral reef conservation?
It can provide funding for conservation efforts but must be managed sustainably to avoid damage.
52
What is the primary focus of the documentary 'Save My Lake'?
The primary focus is on the environmental challenges facing Lake Winnipeg.
53
True or False: Zebra mussels are native to Lake Winnipeg.
False
54
What invasive species is a significant threat to Lake Winnipeg?
Zebra mussels
55
Fill in the blank: The 'Save My Lake' documentary highlights the impact of ________ on local ecosystems.
invasive species
56
What organization is associated with Aqua-hacking?
IISD (International Institute for Sustainable Development)
57
What is Aqua-hacking?
A challenge aimed at developing innovative solutions to water-related issues.
58
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a focus of the 'Save My Lake' documentary? A) Water pollution B) Invasive species C) Fishing regulations D) Climate change
C) Fishing regulations
59
What does ELA stand for in the context of the IISD?
Experimental Lakes Area
60
True or False: The presence of zebra mussels can improve the water quality of a lake.
False
61
What is one of the main consequences of zebra mussel infestation in lakes?
They can outcompete native species for food and habitat.
62
Fill in the blank: Zebra mussels can cause significant damage to ________ and water infrastructure.
boats
63
What is the goal of the IISD's work at the Experimental Lakes Area?
To conduct research on freshwater ecosystems and their management.
64
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method discussed in 'Save My Lake' to combat zebra mussels? A) Chemical treatment B) Physical removal C) Biological control D) All of the above
D) All of the above
65
What type of ecosystem is Lake Winnipeg classified as?
A freshwater lake ecosystem
66
True or False: The zebra mussel population in Lake Winnipeg is currently under control.
False
67
What role does public awareness play in the context of the 'Save My Lake' initiative?
It helps engage the community in conservation efforts and informs them about environmental issues.
68
Fill in the blank: The documentary emphasizes the importance of ________ to preserve Lake Winnipeg.
community action
69
What year was the 'Save My Lake' documentary released?
2021
70
What is a primary source of nutrient pollution in Lake Winnipeg?
Agricultural runoff
71
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential solution to reduce zebra mussel populations? A) Increasing fishing limits B) Planting more trees C) Developing new filtration systems D) Encouraging tourism
C) Developing new filtration systems
72
True or False: The 'Save My Lake' documentary features interviews with local scientists and environmentalists.
True
73
What is one effect of nutrient pollution on Lake Winnipeg's ecosystem?
It can lead to harmful algal blooms.
74
What community actions are encouraged in the 'Save My Lake' initiative?
Participating in clean-up events and advocating for sustainable practices.
75
Fill in the blank: The IISD conducts research on the ________ of lakes, including Lake Winnipeg.
management
76
What is the significance of the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) for environmental science?
It serves as a unique outdoor laboratory for studying freshwater ecosystems.
77
What does IISD stand for?
International Institute for Sustainable Development
78
What is the primary focus of the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA)?
Freshwater ecosystem research and experimental studies.
79
True or False: The ELA is located in Canada.
True
80
Fill in the blank: The ELA conducts research primarily on __________.
Aquatic ecosystems
81
Which type of experiments are primarily conducted at the ELA?
Whole lake experiments
82
What is one significant research finding from the ELA regarding phosphorus?
Phosphorus loading can cause algal blooms in freshwater bodies.
83
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a recent research topic at the ELA? A) Climate change impact B) Urban development C) Marine biology
A) Climate change impact
84
What role does the ELA play in informing environmental policy?
It provides scientific data and evidence for sustainable water management policies.
85
Name one historical research project conducted at the ELA.
The impact of acid rain on freshwater ecosystems.
86
True or False: The ELA is a collaborative project involving multiple research institutions.
True
87
What are ocean currents?
Ocean currents are large-scale movements of seawater generated by various forces acting upon the water, including wind, the Coriolis effect, and differences in water density.
88
True or False: The Coriolis effect causes moving objects to turn to the right in the Northern Hemisphere.
True
89
Fill in the blank: The Coriolis effect is primarily caused by the rotation of the _____ on its axis.
Earth
90
What is the primary driver of surface ocean currents?
Wind
91
What term describes the process of removing salt from seawater?
Desalination
92
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method of desalination? A) Reverse osmosis B) Photosynthesis C) Evaporation D) Filtration
A) Reverse osmosis
93
What is the heat capacity of water compared to most other substances?
Water has a high heat capacity, meaning it can absorb a lot of heat without a significant rise in temperature.
94
True or False: El Niño is characterized by the warming of ocean surface waters in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean.
True
95
What are the typical effects of El Niño on global weather patterns?
El Niño can cause increased rainfall in some regions and drought in others, altering weather patterns worldwide.
96
Fill in the blank: The _____ effect influences ocean currents by causing them to curve.
Coriolis
97
What is the relationship between ocean currents and climate?
Ocean currents help regulate the Earth's climate by distributing heat across the planet.
98
Multiple Choice: Which ocean current is known for its warm water flow from the tropics to the North Atlantic? A) Gulf Stream B) Antarctic Circumpolar Current C) Humboldt Current D) California Current
A) Gulf Stream
99
What is the significance of the thermohaline circulation?
Thermohaline circulation is a global conveyor belt of ocean currents driven by temperature and salinity differences, critical for regulating climate and nutrient distribution.
100
True or False: Desalination is an energy-intensive process.
True
101
What phenomenon can disrupt normal weather patterns and lead to severe weather events?
El Niño
102
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a large system of ocean currents that circulate around the globe.
ocean conveyor belt
103
What is the role of ocean currents in marine ecosystems?
Ocean currents help distribute nutrients and organisms, supporting marine biodiversity and productivity.
104
Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors does NOT influence ocean currents? A) Wind B) Salinity C) Moon's gravity D) Temperature
C) Moon's gravity
105
What is the effect of increased sea surface temperatures during an El Niño event?
Increased sea surface temperatures can lead to more intense weather patterns, such as hurricanes and heavy rainfall.
106
True or False: Ocean currents can affect fishing industries by altering fish migration patterns.
True
107
What is one of the main challenges associated with desalination?
One of the main challenges is the high cost and energy consumption involved in the process.
108
Fill in the blank: The _____ current is known for its cold water flow along the western coasts of South America.
Humboldt
109
What is the primary cause of the El Niño Southern Oscillation?
The primary cause is the periodic warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean.
110
Multiple Choice: Which current is primarily responsible for transporting warm water from the tropics to the poles? A) North Atlantic Current B) Kuroshio Current C) Antarctic Circumpolar Current D) All of the above
D) All of the above
111
What does the term 'heat capacity' refer to in the context of oceans?
Heat capacity refers to the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a given volume of water.

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