Water Distribution Test Flashcards
What is Nitrification?
the process by which ammonia present in water is transformed to form nitrites and then nitrates.
What 2 groups of organisms create nitrification?
Organisms involved in doing that are ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria.
What is wrong with nitrate as an end result to nitrification?
nitrates can cause methaglob anemia in babies.
What is methemoglobinemia?
Nitrates are Ingested and converted to nitrites. this reacts with the oxyheemglobin the oxygen caring blood protein to form methaglobin which cannot carry oxygen if a large amount of this is formed body tissues might be deprived of oxygen causing a blue coloration and respiratory problems.
What happens if operators do not maintain a proper chlorine ammonia ratio?
Then excess ammonia can convert nitrites through a chemical process in blooms of heterotrophic bacteria can abound this causes a loss of residual and increased chlorine demand systems must then resort to flushing programs and tank turnover
Safe water drinking act
Enacted to have Uniform standards for water treatment. it created the national primary drinking water regulations, the national secondary drinking water regulations, created the total coliform rule, the surface water treatment rule, and the disinfection byproduct rule. under the safe water drinking act the EPA environmental protection agency implements regulations but the states enforce the regulations.
Total Coliform rule
The the total color form rule set sampling and testing requirements. it set maximum contaminant levels and Maximum contaminate level goals for total Coliform bacteria the maximum contaminant level goal or the MCLG is zero. the maximum contaminant level of the MCL would be based on the population and the number of samples. the greater the population the more samples a community would have to take. according to this less than 40 samples you cannot have more than one positive greater than or equal to 40 samples you can have no more than 5% positive if you get a positive sample immediately within 24 hours need to do a repeat sample set plus a fecal coliform test. the sample set you need to take three samples one at the original site one within five services upstream and another within five services downstream and any positive on this on the fecal triggers an acute violation also according to the total coliform rule they said a minimum chlorine residual to be a .2 mg/L at the furthest service connection in the system
Public notification rule
Public notification rule requires to notifying the public for violations for any tier 1 violations. the most acute violations the public must be notified within 24 hours via radio TV or hand delivery. you must also contact the primary agency within 24 hours for tier 2 violations. the public must be notified within 30 days or as soon as practically possible. repeat notices are sent out every three months until violations are resolved and notice can be via mail or direct delivery. Tier three violations the public must be notified within 12 months and the notification should be repeated annually for unresolved violations. this notice can be combined into the annual notice including the CCR’s they get sent out annually
What is a tier 1 violation?
 these are violations of the most dangerous type. fecal coliform positive and nitrate nitrite or total MCL violation of the two of them. chlorine dioxide maximum recommended daily level violation. turbidity MCL violation or waterborne disease outbreak
Tier 2 violations
Basically all MCL or maximum containment level daily level treatment technique violations except those that are elevated up to that tier one also monitoring violations if they were elevated to tier 2 by the primary agency and failure to comply with variance or exemption conditions.
Tier 3 violations
mostly monitoring or testing violations unless those that are elevated to a tier two or operating under a variance or exemption or in special conditions you have special public notices
Surface water treatment rule
part of the safe Florida drinking act requires all public water systems to treat any water under the influence of surface water and it also set turbidity limits for direct or conventional filtration less than or equal to .5 ntu. diatomatious or a slow sand filtration less that 1 ntu and anywhere in the distribution system turbidity has to be less than or equal to 5 ntu.
Lead and copper rule
The Lead and Copper rule set limits to the amount of lead and copper that can be into the system because it can’t leach from the pipes lead causes danger to fetus and slows neurological and physical development in children. copper can cause long long-term damage to the liver and kidneys. signs of copper poisoning are nausea and vomiting of over excess of it. according to the lead and copper rule they want to have lead free pipes and fixtures in the system so less than or equal to 8% lead contents in pipes less than or equal to .2% lead Contant in solder. according to the rules of the lead and copper rule the samples are drawn at first draw which means after the waters been sitting for six hours like in the morning from high-risk residence to see you go to the most high risk residences like that water sit all day all night take that first sample in the morning and the interesting thing about the lead and copper which makes it stand out if there’s actually action levels rather than MCL.
Maximum containment level goal
10% of samples cannot exceed the levels. the levels of lead are .015 mg and of copper 1.3 mg
Vulnerability assessment
Is the vulnerability of the entire system to determine where weaknesses are if the given disaster should take place and what kind of improvements are feasible to reduce those weaknesses
