Water Fluoridation Flashcards Preview

BDS3 PMHP > Water Fluoridation > Flashcards

Flashcards in Water Fluoridation Deck (15)
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1
Q

How can we measure dental caries

A

dmft/DMFT
d3mft/D3MFT

it can be done on an individual basis or divided by the population to give a mean figure

can take a percentage of those who have a d3mft to see the prevalence of caries

can see what percentage have no obvious caries experience

2
Q

What is the highest quality of evidence

A

meta analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs or RCTs with low risk of bias

3
Q

What is fluoride

A

anion of fluorine

non metal

4
Q

What happens to the teeth in the presence of fluoride

A

substitution reaction
ph falls in presence of sugar and when remineralization occurs fluoride is incorporated through simple substitution reaction and fluoride is packed more tightly into the crystal structure

post eruptive effect is most accurate

5
Q

Describe enamel formation

A

preameloblasts imitated by dental papilla
elongate to become secretory ameloblasts
ameloblasts stimulate dentinogenesis

secretory stage, ameloblasts move from dentine. Tomes processes angled which gives differences in crystallite orientation and structure

differential movement leads to enamel rods

maturation stage - ameloblasts mineralize the enamel

6
Q

What is water fluoridation

A

adjustment of fluoride ion to the UK optimum of 1ppm (1mg/L)

it varies from 0.5 ppm-1.2ppm related to the ambient air temperature

natural level in Glasgow is 0.1mg

7
Q

How is the fluoride content adjusted

A

by using hydrofluorosilicic acid or hexafluosilicic acid H2SiF6

sodium fluorosilicate or sodium silicofluoride (Na2SiF6)

powder is added to water and saturated and then that water is added to the raw water supply

8
Q

What did studies show the effect of water fluoridation to be

A

some reduction in dmft
14.6% more children will be decay free
mean reduction in dmft/DMFT 2.25 per child

no adverse effects were found

9
Q

What is the prevalence of fluorosis at 1ppm

A

48%

12.5% fluorosis is of aesthetic concern

10
Q

What is enamel mottling

A

its staining

has over 90 causes

11
Q

What is the effect of water fluoridation on health inequalities

A

it is likely to reduce the differences in severity of tooth decay between social classes among 5 YO

12
Q

Is there a different effect of natural vs artificial fluoride

A

evidence says no difference

13
Q

What did the cochrane review say on water fluoridation

A

35% reduction in mean dmft
26% reduction in DMFT
15% more children caries free (deciduous teeth)
14% more children caries free (permanent teeth)

14
Q

Why is the argument that there’s no moral issues regarding water fluoridation

A

its beneficial
has no harmful consequences
does not infringe on any basic human rights
replicates a situation found naturally in some places
could be unethical not to fluoridate where practicable to do so

15
Q

How many people in UK drink fluoridated water

A

6m