Water On and Under the Ground PPT

Question 1

hydrology

Answer 1

the scientific study of water

Question 2

evaporation

Answer 2

water changes from a liquid into water vapor

Question 3

transpiration

Answer 3

water taken up by plants passes into the atmosphere

Question 4

condensation

Answer 4

water changes from a vapor into a liquid or a solid

Question 5

precipitation

Answer 5

process by which water that condensed in the atmosphere falls back to the surface as rain, snow, or hail

Question 6

surface runoff

Answer 6

precipitation that drains over the land or in stream channels

Question 7

infiltration

Answer 7

the process by which water works its way into the ground through small openings in the soil

Question 8

hydrologic cycle

Answer 8

surface or near surface processes, powered by energy from the sun, closed cycle with open systems, amount of water is fixed, linked to tectonic and rock cyles

Question 9

where did water come from?

Answer 9

primordial outgassing, transport with comet, biochemical processes

Question 10

fresh water

Answer 10

low concentration of dissolved salt and other total dissolved solids (ice sheet/caps, iceberg, glaciers, bogs, ponds, lakes rivers, ground water)

Question 11

sea/salt water

Answer 11

high concentration of dissolved salt and other total dissolved solids (oceans, seas, salt lakes, brine pools)

Question 12

Water covers ___ percent of the earth

Answer 12

75%

Question 13

sustainability involves…

Answer 13

regarding water with proper use, proper management, and avoid contamination

Question 14

stream/river

Answer 14

flowing body of liquid water, flows down a slope and along channels

Question 15

gradient

Answer 15

the steepness of the slope

Question 16

channel

Answer 16

a clearly defined natural passageway

Question 17

stream discharge

Answer 17

amount of water any point

Question 18

stream load

Answer 18

sediment carried

Question 19

channel/river anatomy

Answer 19

head, main stream, mouth, delta

Question 20

delta

Answer 20

sedimentary deposit, commonly triangular, that forms where a stream enters a standing body of water (like an ocean)

Question 21

types of rivers/streams

Answer 21

straight, meandering, and braided

Question 22

straight river

Answer 22

not very common, occur over a short distance, high gradient, deeper part at the center, high energy at center, symmetrical energy gradient, commonly upstream

Question 23

meandering river

Answer 23

very common, occur over a long distance, commonly downstream, low gradient/flat, deeper part is close to the outer bank, high energy close to outer bank, asymmetrical energy gradient

Question 24

oxbow lake

Answer 24

eventually turning into a swamp, this body of water was once a part of a meandering stream before it was cut off

Question 25

braided river

Answer 25

characterized by multiple channels, in channel sediment deposition, variable water amount, variable sediment size/load, seasonal changes of discharge (snow melts)

Question 26

flood

Answer 26

an event in which a body of water overflows its banks

Question 27

flood protection

Answer 27

planting trees, terracing hillsides to slow flow downhill, manmade channels to divert flood water, contruction of artificial levees, construction of dams or retention ponds

Question 28

groundwater

Answer 28

subsurface water contained in pore spaces in regolith and fractures in bedrock

Question 29

water table

Answer 29

top surface of the saturated zone, can be shallow or deep, surface vary with topography

Question 30

aquifer

Answer 30

body of rock or regolith that is water saturated, porous, and permeable

Question 31

aquiclude

Answer 31

layer of impermeable rock

Question 32

porosity

Answer 32

percentage of the total volume of a body of rock or regolith that consists of open spaces (pores), total pore space

Question 33

permeability

Answer 33

measure of how easily a solid allows fluids to pass through it; degree of interconnectivity

Question 34

percolation

Answer 34

groundwater seeps downward, flows under the influence of gravity

Question 35

recharge

Answer 35

replenishment of groundwater

Question 36

spring

Answer 36

groundwater flowing out where the water table is at the surface

Question 37

artesian well

Answer 37

well accessing water from a confined aquifer, water rises in artesian wells without pumps due to a release of confining pressure

Question 38

over pumping of ground water leads to...

Answer 38

reduces pore spaces, reduces the capacity of the aquifer, controlled pumping

Question 39

pollution of ground water

Answer 39

industrial waste, domestic waste, septic tanks, underground storages

Question 40

karst regions

Answer 40

caves and sinkholes; result of the slight acidic nature of grounwater

Question 41

caves

Answer 41

underground spaces carved by groundwater

Question 42

sinkholes

Answer 42

sunken surface region created by dissolution of underground support rock