Water On The Land

Question 1

What is a meander?

Answer 1

A pronounced bend in a river

Question 2

What is the Thalweg?

Answer 2

The line of fastest flow in a river

Question 3

Name the 4 processes of river erosion?

Answer 3

Abrasion

Attrition

Hydraulic Action

Solution

Question 4

Name the 4 processes of river transportation?

Answer 4

Saltation

Solution

Traction

Suspension

Question 5

What is a V-Shaped Valley?

Answer 5

A valley with steep sides and a narrow bottom that has been formed by erosion

Question 6

What is a Tributary?

Answer 6

A smaller river or stream flowing into a larger river

Question 7

Define Erosion?

Answer 7

The wearing away of rock by the natural processes of rivers, ice, wind and sea

Question 8

Define Transportation?

Answer 8

The movement of eroded material by natural processes such as wind, rivers and sea

Question 9

Define Traction?

Answer 9

Big boulders and stones are rolled and dragged along the river bed

Question 10

Define Saltation?

Answer 10

Stones and pebbles bounce along the river bed

Question 11

Define Suspension?

Answer 11

Smaller particles and stones (e.g. sand and silt) are carried by a river

Question 12

Define Solution?

Answer 12

Some material is dissolved into the river water and transported this way

Question 13

Define Load?

Answer 13

The amount of material carried by a river

Question 14

What is a Cross Profile?

Answer 14

The change in river width and bank gradient at a specific point, a slice across the river

Question 15

Define Long Profile?

Answer 15

The change in river width and bank gradient at a specific point, a slice across the river

Question 16

What is a Waterfall?

Answer 16

A vertical fall of water where the course of a river is interrupted by a steep drop in the land it is flowing over

Question 17

What is a Gorge?

Answer 17

A steep-sided cut through the landscape formed over thousands of years by a retreating waterfall

Question 18

What is a Plunge Pool?

Answer 18

The area of deep water at the bottom of a waterfall, formed by hydraulic action and the grinding of rocks and pebbles

Question 19

What is a Floodplain?

Answer 19

A flat area either side of a river which floods when the river overflows

Question 20

What is an Ox Bow Lake?

Answer 20

A lake shaped like a crescent that is formed when a river bend is cut off from the main flow and becomes isolated

Question 21

Define Helical Flow?

Answer 21

The corkscrew pattern of flow found in a river

Question 22

What is Sediment?

Answer 22

Material such as sand and clay that is carried by a river

Question 23

What is a Levée?

Answer 23

River embankments built as a flood defence

Question 24

What are Mudflats?

Answer 24

Flat coastal areas formed when mud is deposited by rivers and coasts

Question 25

What is a Saltmarsh?

Answer 25

An area of coastal grassland which is regularly flooded by seawater

Question 26

Define Discharge?

Answer 26

The amount of water flowing in a river at any one point

Question 27

Can you label a Flood Hydrograph?

Answer 27

Question 28

What is Lag Time?

Answer 28

The time between **peak** rainfall and **peak** discharge on a hydrograph

Question 29

Can you draw and label a meander cross section?

Answer 29

Question 30

Can you draw and albel the formation of an Ox Bow Lake?

Answer 30

Question 31

Can you draw and albel the formation of a Waterfall?

Answer 31

Question 32

What is a Hydrograph?

Answer 32

A graph showing how a river responds to a storm, showing the rainfall and discharge over time

Question 33

What is Antecedent Rainfall?

Answer 33

The amount of rain that has already fallen prior to a specific event

Question 34

What is a Confluence?

Answer 34

The point where two rivers meet

Question 35

What is Hard Engineering?

Answer 35

Building structures to deal with natural hazards, such as dams to prevent flooding

Question 36

What is Soft Engineering?

Answer 36

Involves adapting to natural hazards and working with nature to limit damage. For example, planting trees to limit flood risk

Question 37

Define Hydraulic Action?

Answer 37

Fast flowing water pushes air into cracks and the force of this causes the channel to break up over time

Question 38

Define Abrasion?

Answer 38

Sand and pebbles are dragged along the river bed, wearing it away

Question 39

Define Attrition?

Answer 39

Rocks and stones wear each other away as they knock together

Question 40

Define Solution?

Answer 40

Rocks such as limestone are dissolved in acid rainwater

Question 41

List the factors affecting river discharge?

Answer 41

Rock and soil type Land use Rainfall Weather conditions Relief

Question 42

Define interception?

Answer 42

Leaves and branches catch rainfall and prevent it from running into the river

Question 43

Define Surface Run Off?

Answer 43

Water runs over the top of ground which is very hard or very wet

Question 44

Define Infiltration?

Answer 44

Rain that soaks into the top layers of the soil and rock below

Question 45

Define Throughflow?

Answer 45

Wtare that flows through the soil below the surface

Question 46

Define Groundwater?

Answer 46

Wtaer that is stored deep underground in the rock

Question 47

Define Groundwater Flow?

Answer 47

Wtare that very slowly moves through underground rocks

Question 48

What is Impermeable Rock?

Answer 48

Rock which water is not able to flow through

Question 49

What is Permeable Rock?

Answer 49

Rock which water is able to flow through

Question 50

What is the Water Table?

Answer 50

The level at which water is stored in rocks below the surface

Question 51

What are the 4 Physical causes of flooding?

Answer 51

Heavy Rainfall Prolonged Rainfall Snowmelt Relief

Question 52

What are the 2 Human causes of flooding?

Answer 52

Building Construction Deforestation

Question 53

Can you label a cross section of levee formation?

Answer 53

Question 54

Can you identify the features of a floodplain?

Answer 54