Water security

Question 1

What is a water store?

Answer 1

Anything that stores water i.e. ice caps.

Question 2

What is a flow?

Answer 2

Transport of water i.e. percolation, or flux

Question 3

What are aquifers and cryosphere’s?

Answer 3

Cryosphere’s include glaciers, where as aquifers include under ground water store.

Question 4

What is a drainage basin?

Answer 4

Watersheds where water and rain comes from.

Question 5

What are 3 types of inputs precipitation?

Answer 5

Orographic- clouds condense over mountains
Frontal- clouds meet and condense
Convectional- radiation causes clouds to condense

Question 6

What are 3 outputs?

Answer 6

Evaporation, transpiration and channel flow

Question 7

What is cryosphere?

Answer 7

Regions on Earth where the water is frozen.

Question 8

What is the biosphere?

Answer 8

Regions on Earth where living beings stay.

Question 9

What is the difference between ground and surface water?

Answer 9

ground water is pure, whilst surface water has salt

Question 10

What is an open system?

Answer 10

Water from other sources can enter or leave the system, same water is not recycled.

Question 11

what is the hydrological cycle and drainage basin?

Answer 11

hydrological cycle is the water cycle, while drainage basin allows water to travel towards the sea i.e. drains water to sea.

Question 12

what are inputs?

Answer 12

precipitation

Question 13

Define interception.

Answer 13

precipitation that does not reach soil therefore is absorbed by leaves.

Question 14

Define infiltration.

Answer 14

when water on surface of ground enters soil

Question 15

Define overland flow/ surface run off?

Answer 15

when excess water doesn’t allow infiltration

Question 16

Define through flow.

Answer 16

water flow within soil, occurs during flooding etc.

Question 17

Define ground water flow.

Answer 17

water enters soil then travels to the sea or river where its deposited

Question 18

Define percolation.

Answer 18

water movement through porous substances i.e permeable rock.

Question 19

what are outputs?

Answer 19

Evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration and channel flow; flow of liquid through a channel.

Question 20

What is a relief rainfall?

Answer 20

This occurs near mountains that are near the sea. wind from the sea blows towards mountains, due to height of mountains the wind has to rise forming clouds creating rain.

Question 21

What is frontal rain and where does this usually occur?

Answer 21

This is when cold and warm air meet resulting in rain, meeting point is usually 60 degrees north i.e England

Question 22

What is convectional rainfall?

Answer 22

Sun heats the less dense ground and more dense sea, hot air rises and cools condensing creating rain.

Question 23

What is the relevance of Cherrapungi?

Answer 23

This is the wettest place on Earth where floods occur, trees form bridges which grow stronger with age. Rainfall is great due to it being surrounded by ocean.

Question 24

If water gets accumulated in one area what can this lead to?

Answer 24

waterlog

Question 25

Define water budget.

Answer 25

Amount of water available for us.

Question 26

Define fossil water.

Answer 26

Water that can never be replenished. This is non renewable.

Question 27

Explain positive and negative runoff.

Answer 27

p- this is when there is an increase in runoff | n- this is when there is a decrease in runoff

Question 28

Define residence time.

Answer 28

How long a body of water will retain that water, how long will that water be available before it is not.

Question 29

Name 5 drainage basins.

Answer 29

Climate- influences precipitation and evaporation vegetation- redistributes soil moisture back into soil relief- altitude impacts percolation soil- allows infiltration and flow through geology- causes percolation and groundwater flow

Question 30

Name the 2 tributaries of the Nile river.

Answer 30

The white Nile which has light coloured clay and blue Nile, which has volcanic silts.

Question 31

What is a confined and unconfined aquifer?

Answer 31

Confined aquifer is when water cannot flow away due to lack of porous rocks but cannot be restored either, unconfined is when water can be replenished.

Question 32

How can humans affect the drainage basins?

Answer 32

Deforestation, water abstractions and changing land use can all disrupt water processes.

Question 33

what is El Niño, La Nina and normal conditions?

Answer 33

normal conditions- trade winds blow east to west, warm waters from SA to A, A experiences rain while SA is dry El Nino- Trade winds blow west to east, warm water to SA from A, ocean heats up, rainfall in SA and drought in A LA Nina- Trade winds blow east to west, stronger blow warm water SA to A, resulting in even more rain and drought.

Question 34

Define river regime.

Answer 34

Annual variation in discharge at a particular point.

Question 35

What is a complex river regime?

Answer 35

River with many tributaries that flow in many environments, This regime has more than 1 peak in annual discharge. factors such as climate, soil and geology have an effect on river regimes.