WATER SOURCE

Question 1

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE: movement of water around Earth’s surface and its subsystems

Answer 1

WATER SOURCE

Question 2

allow water to move between reservoir and subsystems

Answer 2

PATHWAY

Question 3

places where water resides for varying amount of time

Answer 3

RESERVOIR

Question 4

6 FLUCTUATION

Answer 4

1 | EVAPORATION:
2 | SUBLIMATION:
3 | TRANSPIRATION:
4 | CONDENSATION
5 | PRECIPITATION:
6 | INFILTRATION:

Question 5

liquid to vapor (80%)

Answer 5

1 | EVAPORATION

Question 6

ice directly to vapor

Answer 6

2 | SUBLIMATION

Question 7

evaporation from leaves and stems of plants (10%)

Answer 7

3 | TRANSPIRATION:

Question 8

vapor to water

Answer 8

4 | CONDENSATION:

Question 9

droplets/ice crystals in clouds

Answer 9

5 | PRECIPITATION:

Question 10

*total water in planet
*moves constantly and changes form
*neither created nor destroyed
*cycling for billions of years
*United Nations World Water Development: ocean: largest reservoir, 97.5% saline water
*2.5% Freshwater: glacier (68.7), groundwater (30.1), permafrost (0.8) , surface and atmospheric water

Answer 10

EARTH’S WATER BUDGET

Question 10

rain/snow falls into land surface penetrating the soil

Answer 10

6 | INFILTRATION:

Question 11

average length of time spent by water molecule in a reservoir (ocean - longer)

Answer 11

RESIDENCE TIME:

Question 12

soil, rock, or sediment that is frozen for more than 2 consecutive years

Answer 12

PERMAFROST:

Question 12

0.3% of Earth’s water include stream, lakes, and wetlands where rainfall, melting, snow and ice, groundwater flows

Answer 12

SURFACE WATER RESERVOIR:

Question 13

7 UNDER SALTWATER RESERVOIR

Answer 13

Ocean
Salinity
Surface Layer:
Thermocline
Deep Zone Temperature:
Surface of Ocean:
Thermohaline Circulation:

Question 14

freshwater in rock and soil layers beneath surface; largest reservoir of liquid freshwater on Earth

Answer 14

GROUND WATER:

Question 15

saltiness of saltwater

Answer 15

Salinity:

Question 15

vast body of saline water

Answer 15

Ocean:

Question 16

warm, low-density water with 100m in depth from ocean surface, 2% water in ocean and home of most marine animals and plants

Answer 16

Surface Layer:

Question 17

cold, extends up to 1500m

Answer 17

Thermocline:

Question 18

uniformly low, 80% of water in ocean is here

Answer 18

Deep Zone Temperature:

Question 19

driven by density differences, controlled by temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline)
= propelled by sinking of cold, salty, and dense water, rising of warm, less salty water of tropics

Answer 19

Thermohaline Circulation:

Question 19

affected by currents caused by prevailing winds that drags water forward, creating slow, broad drifts

Answer 19

Surface of Ocean:

Question 20

*seen in inaccessible (polar region)
*Greenland melts, world’s water rises by 6m
*Antarctic Ice Sheet melts: rise by 60m

Answer 20

FRESHWATER RESERVOIR

Question 21

UNDER FRESHWATER RESERVOIR

Answer 21

Glacier Ice Sheets: Last Ice Age:

Question 22

permanent body of ice, largely of recrystallized snow

Answer 22

Glacier:

Question 23

mass of glacial land ice extending more than 50,000 km2 Currently ice sheets covering most of Greenland and Antarctica

Answer 23

Ice Sheets:

Question 24

extended North America to Scandinavia

Answer 24

Last Ice Age

Question 25

ACTIVITIES AFFECTING QUALITY OF WATER

Answer 25

1.Population growth in water-short regions 2.Movement of large number of people from countryside to towns and cities 3.Demand for greater food security and higher living standards 4.Increased competitions 5.Pollution

Question 26

overland flow; heavy rain moves downhill

Answer 26

SHEETLOW:

Question 27

as rain flows and enters channels

Answer 27

STREAMFLOW:

Question 28

watershield; land area where water flows into a particular stream

Answer 28

DRAINAGE BASIN:

Question 28

separates individual drainage basin

Answer 28

DRAINAGE DIVIDE:

Question 29

INTERFLUVES: narrow, elongated landform separating individual streams

Answer 29

INTERFLUVES

Question 30

: moving body of surface water flows downslope toward sea level due to gravity

Answer 30

STREAM

Question 31

: particles and dissolved substances are transported

Answer 31

CHANNELS

Question 32

stream with considerable volume and well-defined channel

Answer 32

RIVER

Question 33

smaller streams

Answer 33

TRIBUTARIES:

Question 34

LAKES: large, inland bodies of fresh and saline water; upper surface exposed to atmosphere (flat)

Answer 34

LAKES:

Question 35

barriers along stream to contain waterflow

Answer 35

DAMS:

Question 35

small and shallow lakes

Answer 35

PONDS:

Question 36

different wetlands

Answer 36

MARSH, SWAMP, ESTUARY:

Question 37

land areas where water covers surface for significant periods

Answer 37

WETLANDS:

Question 38

wetland with lush trees and vegetation found in low-lying areas beside slow-moving rivers

Answer 38

SWAMP

Question 39

partly enclosed coastal body of water where freshwater from stream meets saltwater

Answer 39

ESTUARY

Question 40

total of empty pore space in rock

Answer 40

POROSITY:

Question 41

ability of rock/sediments to allow water to pass through

Answer 41

PERMEABILITY:

Question 42

water-bearing rock layers skin to “sponge” holds groundwater in tiny cracks, cavities, and pores between grains

Answer 42

AQUIFER:

Question 43

natural event in which area is usually dry (submerged under water)

Answer 43

FLOODS:

Question 43

intense high-velocity torrent of water occurs in existing river channel with little to no notice

Answer 43

FLASH FLOODS:

Question 44

water overwhelms in low-lying areas along coast, usually due to severe weather conditions

Answer 44

COASTAL FLOODING:

Question 45

stream’s discharge greater than capacity of channel causing overflow

Answer 45

FLUVIAL (RIVERINE FLOOD):

Question 46

heavy rainfall creates flood event of an overflowing stream

Answer 46

PLUVIAL (SURFACE WATER FLOOD):

Question 47

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Answer 47

*Presidential decree (PD) 424 of 1074 National Water Resource Council (NWRC) *PD 1067 (1976) Instituted the Water Code *Executive Order 222 of 1995 Presidential Committee on Water Conservation and Demand Management *RA 8041 of National Water Crisis Act of 1995 | addressed water problems through integrated management program and development of new water resources and conservation of identified watersheds *The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004