Water Test

Question 0

Groundwater

Answer 0

The water that fills the pour spaces between sediment. Most of our freshwate

Question 1

Hydrologic Cycle

Answer 1

A continuous water cycle, evaporates, cloud, rain, evaporates
Four processes-
1- evaporation/transpiration
2-condensation
3-precipitation
4- gravitational flow

Question 2

Surface Water

Answer 2

The water found on the surface (lakes, streams,rivers, etc.)

Question 3

B.O.D

Biological Oxygen demand

Answer 3

Amount of dissolved oxygen need by aerobic decomposes to breakdown organic matter in a given volume of water in a specific time and temp.

Question 4

Eutrophication

Answer 4

Physical, chemical, or biological changes that occurs as a result of Natural nutrients found in water
Ex: plant runoff

Question 5

Potable

Answer 5

Water Suitable for drinking

Question 6

Vadose Zone

Answer 6

A subsurface zone of soil containing water under different pressure than the atmosphere. Pores are filled with WATER and AIR

Question 7

Aquifer

Answer 7

An underground formation/ well containing groundwater.

Question 8

Runoff

Answer 8

Rainfall or snowmelt that has not had time to evaporate or move into groundwater. It flows on the surface

Question 9

Coliform treatment

Answer 9

Found in fecies

Filter,heat, introduce bacteria that feeds on fecal matter

Question 10

Primary treatment

Answer 10

Removal of large solids, grits, and oils from waste water

Question 11

Domestic Water use

Answer 11

70% is used by farmers
25% industrial use

Home use- toilets, bathing, laundry, dishes, drinking

Question 12

Perennial System

Answer 12

A stream that flows all year

Question 13

Ephemeral stream

Answer 13

A stream that doesn’t flow all year. Seasonal flow

Question 14

Thermal Pollution

Answer 14

Non chemical water pollution that occurs as a result of human activities. Changes the water temperature.

Ex- water is removed, heated (industry) and returned

Question 15

Point source

Answer 15

A single identifiable source of pollution

Ex- smokestacks, drainage pipes

Question 16

Secondary treatment

Answer 16

Introduced bacteria decomposes 90% of oxygen demanding organic waste

Question 17

Indirect water reuse

Answer 17

A planed effort/ endeavor

Question 18

Desalinization

Answer 18

The removal of salts from water so that the water could be used for agriculture, industry, or human consumption.

Question 19

Salinization

Answer 19

As water evaporated, it is pulled from lower to upper parts of the soil carrying salts with it. As water evaporates, salt is left on the soil surface.

Question 20

Watershed

Answer 20

An area in which all runoff and water flow drain into the same area (lake)

Question 21

Non-point source

Answer 21

Pollution that comes from many different sources

Ex- farm and golf runoff

Question 22

Septic system

Answer 22

Self contained water treatment system. Treats household water on site.

Question 23

Confined aquifer

Answer 23

A groundwater storage area between two impermeable layers of rock. Impedes water flow

Question 24

Special properties of water

Answer 24

Surface Tension- cohesion of water molecules Excellent solvent- polar molecules Capillary Action- pulls itself up narrow tubes or through soil particles Ice Floats- life can live under (freeze from top down)

Question 25

Water statistics

Answer 25

71% earths surface 96.5% in oceans <1% available to drink Person- 575 liters per day (150 gallons)

Question 26

Hydrologic cycle

Answer 26

``` Evaporation | Condensation (cloud) | Precipitation (rain) | Body of Water/ plants--------transpiration (evap through pores) | Evaporation ```

Question 27

Is groundwater renewable resource

Answer 27

Groundwater takes an extended period of time to recharge. It is usually being depleted faster than it is replaced. however is is renewable over time.

Question 28

Is desalinization a viable alternative

Answer 28

As of now, desalinization would cost far too much money. However, as the groundwater availability decreases, desalinization may be required to sustain human life.

Question 29

Sustainable water use plan for the Front Range

Answer 29

- Use return and reuse water - share water resources - expand and enhance water storage - limit water use for irrigation and other less important things

Question 30

Functions of dams and canals

Answer 30

Dams- makes a resivor of water often used for drinking, restricts water flow (and water usage) downstream --temporary--water evaporates much quicker when damned Canals- a path for water and boats and animals to flow through,

Question 31

What is channelization

Answer 31

Increases the flow of rivers by creating strait paths.. Reduces friction with particles. This eliminates or greatly reduces the chances of flooding. Bad: water drains from land faster, deeper Chanel's, reduced vegetation along steeam

Question 32

Why do we urbanize on flood planes why is this bad.

Answer 32

Flood planes- flat building land Bad- greater urbanization results in increases impervious area. Reduces absorption into ground. Greater runoff = flooding

Question 33

What are the functions of wetlands? How have we misused them

Answer 33

Purpose- prevent flooding by retaining water. Filters and purifying water. Regulates the flow of water. Vegetation helps feed fish and other river animals. Erosion control Misuses- draining wetlands, polluting wetland, damning wetlands

Question 34

``` Case studies Colorado River Aral Sea 3 gorges dam California water plant ```

Answer 34

Colorado River- dammed and irrigated (flood control, agriculture watering, power, drinking water. 7 states use water from river Aral Sea- lost 80% of its water in 45 years. Rivers leading into it were used for Cotten field irrigation. Lose of 60,000 fishing jobs, pesticide dust blown around 3 gorges dam- provides power, available water cost a lot of money, flooding cities and homes, drowning farmland and wetlands CA water plant- use dams and pipes to transport water from north to south for people and agriculture

Question 35

Domestic water pollution Agricultural water pollution Industrial water pollution

Answer 35

Domestic- humans waste, excessive water consumption Agricultural- fertilize, fecal runoff, excess of nutrients in water Industrial- heated water returned, chemicals introduced into water

Question 36

What is B.O.D how it impacts water. Vs Do

Answer 36

Amount of dissolved oxygen need by aerobic decomposes to breakdown organic matter in a given volume of water in a specific time and temp. DO- Amount of O2 a water source uses over time. High BOD--> more pollution, mor microbes decomposing

Question 37

Surface water pollution Vs Ground water pollution

Answer 37

Surface- bacteria, microorganisms, municipal sewage, industrial discharge, rainwater runoff, accidents, not much chemical (dilution). Groundwater- pesticides, nitric material, chemicals, natural chemical

Question 38

Four steps of water treatment

Answer 38

Primary- Removal of large solids, grits, and oils from waste water Secondary- Introduced bacteria decomposes 90% of oxygen demanding organic waste Advanced- specialized chemical and physical treatment to reduce the amount of specific pollutants Chlorine- use of chlorine chemicals to eliminate harmful material

Question 39

Three ways waste water can be reused. Indicated by purple pipes.

Answer 39

Agricultural water usage Industrial water usage (concrete, dust control) Landscape (public and private, parks)

Question 40

``` Hurricane Floyd 1999 Exxon Valdez 1989 Eutrophication of Gulf of Mexico Hurricane Katrina Louisiana wetlands ```

Answer 40

S

Question 41

Reduce volume of storm water runoff

Answer 41

Reduce hard surface size | Larger collection points

Question 42

Problem from excessive ground paved

Answer 42

Reduces groundwater replenishing rates

Question 43

Increase of Co2 in ocean results in decrease of pH

Answer 43

When co2 dissolves, an acid is produced

Question 44

Why does it take large areas to support bald eagles

Answer 44

Large biomass requires lower tropic levels, less energy, less food