Water World

Question 1

Name the 4 ways water is stored

Answer 1

Saltwater (sea) 97%

3% -
Lakes and rivers
Groundwater (soil, permafrost)
Glaciers

Question 2

Explain the 6 stages hydrological cycle

Answer 2

Evaporation - Water from the sea evaporates into water vapour. Increased rate as the temperature increases

Transpiration - The evaporation from plants

Condensation - Where the evaporated water vapour cools and forms a cloud

Precipitation - When the clouds form water droplets (rain, snow)

Surface runoff/ground water flow - Either intercepted by vegetation or runs downhill or runs through the soil as through flow (infiltration) or runs through rock as groundwater flow (percolation)

Streamflow - reaches the rivers and streams and continues down to the ocean

Question 3

Name the 2 reasons why rainfall has become insufficient to an arid region

Answer 3

• Rising demand (population or farming)

- Falling supply (neighbouring countries stealing, climate change)

Question 4

CASE STUDY : Explain the water shortage in the Sahel

Answer 4

Africa
Rainfall has been declining and less reliable. Severe droughts occurred which impacted crops. Dust storms, Desertification. Migration.

Question 5

CASE STUDY : Explain the water shortage in South-Eastern Australia

Answer 5

Needs decades worth of rain to replenish the low water store. Impact on crops. Tourism benefits

Question 6

CASE STUDY : Impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle in America and Asia

Answer 6

Evaporation increases (temperature rise)
In some areas more precipitation (floods)
In some areas less precipitation (droughts)
Transpiration increases also

Question 7

Why is there a rising demand of water?

Answer 7

Population increase, farming and industry, increased wealth (baths, washing machines)

Question 8

Why is there a lowering supply of water?

Answer 8

Global warming makes it more unreliable
Over-extraction
More evaporation

Question 9

Explain the human interference on water quality and give the CASE STUDY for it

Answer 9

River Ganges
Pollution from:
- Toxic waste
- Plant fertilisers
- Chemical waste
- Radioactive waste

Question 10

CASE STUDY : over abstraction of the Aral sea

Answer 10

In the 1960s many dams and canals were built that blocked the two big rivers that provided the water fir the Aral sea and eventually it dried up

Question 11

CASE STUDY: over abstraction of coke plant in …

Answer 11

Plachimada 1998
Coke a cola over abstracted the scarce water supply in Plachimada which meant that the villages had poor quality and low quantity. They were forced to close it down.

Question 12

CASE STUDY: Explain the impact of deforestation on water supply

Answer 12

Kahama district

Less interception more floods

Question 13

CASE STUDY: Give a large scale water management and the advantages and disadvantages

Answer 13

Hoover dam, USA, 1936 : Reduces flooding, increase flow during drought, HEP, reservoir
A: Water supply is clean and reliable, tourism, HEP generates electricity
D: EXPENSIVE $850 million, no water reaches the sea

Three Gorges Dam, China, 2008
A: More reliable and creates electricity
D: Expensive, flooded so it caused homelessness

Question 14

CASE STUDY: Give a small scale water management/intermediate technology and the advantages and disadvantages

Answer 14

Hand pump, Tanzania, provides a clean, reliable water source that is close to the villages

Tube wells, Dhaka in Bangladesh, deep well that penetrates the aquifer and provides water.