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Waves Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

What is a wave

A

an oscillation (vibration) that moves through space, transferring energy from one place to another but not transferring matter

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2
Q

Mechanical waves

A

vibrations that travel through a medium (substance) (eg sound, water, seismic waves)

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3
Q

What is a transverse wave

A

Vibrate perpendicular to the direction of travel

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4
Q

What is a longitudinal wave

A

Vibrate along direction of travel

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5
Q

Amplitude

A

The distance from the centre to the peak of the wave

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6
Q

Increasing amplitude increases

A

Volume (loud/quiet)

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7
Q

Increasing frequency increases

A

pitch

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8
Q

Wave front

A

a surface containing points affected in the same way by a wave at a given time

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9
Q

Wave length

A

distance between two points one cycle apart

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10
Q

Time period

A

Time taken for one complete waveS

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11
Q

Frequency

A

Number of complete waves per second (Hz)

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12
Q

State the equation linking Frequency, wave speed and wave length with symbols and units

A

Wave speed = frequency x wave length
v = f x h (curly upside down v type h)
m/s = Hz x m

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13
Q

State the EM wave spectrum from high to low frequqncy

A

Gamma rays - x-rays - ultraviolet - visible light - infrared - microwaves - radio waves

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14
Q

Dangers of Microwaves

A

Internal heating of body tissue
Some scientists think is causes tumours

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15
Q

Dangers of Infrared waves

A

Skin burns
Damage to the retina

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16
Q

Dangers of Ultraviolet waves

A

Damage to surface cells
Blindness
Skin Cancer
Cateracts

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17
Q

Dangers of Gamma Rays

A

Cancer
Mutations

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18
Q

Dangers of X-rays

A

Cancer
Mutations

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19
Q

Dangers of visible light

A

Damage to the retina

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20
Q

Dangers of radio waves

A

None known

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21
Q

Speed of all EM waves in a vacuum

A

3 x10 *8 m/s

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22
Q

Which colour in the rainbow has the longest wavelength

A

Red

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23
Q

Examples of longitudinal waves

A

Sound
Seismic P waves

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24
Q

Waves transfer ….. and ….. without transferring …..

A

energy , information , matter

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25
State the equation linking Frequency, and time period
Time period = 1/Frequency
26
Doppler Effect
The apparent change in frequency or wavelength of a wave for an observer moving relative to its source
27
Explain why a person hears a change in pitch when a car honks its horn while moving past
If something is emitting waves and moving the waves at the front bunch up and the waves at the back spread out This causes a noticeable change in wavelength and therefore its frequency as it is still going at same speed So the sound will be higher as the car drives towards and lower as it goes away
28
Uses for Radio waves
Broadcasting and communication
29
Uses for microwaves
Cooking and satellite transmissions
30
Uses for Infrared
Heaters and night vision equipment
31
Uses for visible light
Optical fibres and photography
32
Uses for Ultraviolet
Fluorescent lights Tanning beds
33
Uses for x-rays
Observing the internal structure of objects and medical applications
34
Uses for gamma rays
Sterilizing food and medical equipment
35
Ways to decreases the risk of prolonged exposure to EM waves
Stand as far away as possible Stand in a different room Try to decrease the time exposed as much as possible
36
Source of radio waves
Radio Transmitter
37
Source of infrared
All objects
38
Source of visible light
lightbulb
39
Source of Ultraviolet
Fluorescent lights
40
Source of X-rays
Medical equipment - eg x-ray machine
41
Source of gamma rays
Nuclear explosions
42
Three similarities of EM waves
All travel at 3 x10*8 m/s in a vacuum All transverse All carry energy and information but not matter
43
Name differences of EM waves
Different wave lengths and frequencies
44
Describe what redshift means
Their light has moved towards the red end of the spectrum. This means that their wavelength is a lot longer than we would expect which shows that they are moving away from earth.
45
Unit of energy
Joules (J)
46
Can energy be created
No only transferred between stores
47
8 energy stores
Chemical Nuclear Electrostatic Thermal Gravitational potential Kinetic Elastic Magnetic
48
4 energy transfers
Mechanically Electrically By radiation By heating
49
What is unwanted energy and what is it stored as
Wasted energy Thermal energy store
50
Equation for efficiency
Efficiency = useful energy output / total energy input (J)
51
In a ss key diagram what does the width of the arrow represent
The amount of energy Eg 1cm could mean 10J Then 2.5cm would mean 25J
52
Describe how a power station works
- Fossil fuels and biomass are burned - this heats the water -vapour spins turbine - which is connected to a generator - which generates electricity when it spins - this electricity goes to the transformers to produce the correct voltage
53
Describe the speed of sound experiment (wooden blocks)
- 100m apart - raise blocks above head and clap them together - as soon as other person sees stopwatch starts and stops when he hears it - note down - repeat method four times -because human reaction Time = 0.35 - calculate the speed by 100 / time
54
What is heat and what is it measured in
The amount of energy possessed by particles (Joules)
55
What is temperature
The measure of how hot or cold something is (Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin)
56
what is the direction of energy transfer of a transverse wave
- same direction as travel
57
in what medium can transverse waves travel through
liquid or solid but not gas
58
what type of seismic wave is transverse
seismic s waves
59
what direction is the energy transfer of a longitudinal wave
along the direction of travel
60
in what medium can longitudinal waves travel in
solids liquids and gases
61
what is the structure of a longitudinal wave
compressions and rarefactions
62
what type of seismic waves are longitudinal
seismic P waves
63
how does the density and pressure of transverse and longitudinal waves change
transverse - constant density and pressure longitudinal - changes in density and pressure
64
what is the amplitude of a wave
The maximum displacement of particles from their equilibrium position
65
what is the frequency of a wave
The number of waves passing a particular point per second
66
what is the wavelength
The distance between a particular point on one cycle of the wave and the same point on the next cycle.
67
what is the wavefront of a wave
where all the vibrations are in phase and the same distance from the source
68
what is the Doppler effect
the apparent change in frequency of a wave emitted by a moving source
69
dangers of microwaves
internal heating of body tissue
70
dangers of infrared waves
skin burns
71
dangers of ultraviolet
damage to surface cells and blindness
72
dangers of gamma rays
cancer mutations
73
dangers of radio waves
none known
74
dangers of visible light
damage to the retina
75
dangers of x rays
cancer and mutations
76
law of reflection
angle of incidence = angle of refraction

Physics (13 decks)

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