WBC Disorders Flashcards
(27 cards)
Which cells are effected in Hodgkin Lymphoma?
Reed-Sternberg Cells
Reed-Sternberg Cells
A distinctive large cell with mirror image nuclei and prominent nucleoli
There’s usually a couple in a lymph node
Arise from specialized antigen-presenting cells
Clinical Presentation of Hodgkin Lymphoma
Seen in young adults (
How do you diagnose Hodgkin Lymphoma
Lymph node biopsy is necessary
Have to identify Reed-Sternberg cells in an appropriate background
Stage I Hodgkin Lymphoma
Tumor is in one anatomic region or 2 neighboring anatomic regions on the same side of the diaphragm
Stage II Hodgkin Lymphoma
Tumor is in more than 2 anatomic regions or 2 non-neighboring anatomic regions on the same side of the diaphragm
Stage III Hodgkin Lymphoma
Tumor is on both sides of the diaphragm
They do not extend beyond the lymph nodes, spleen, or Waldeyer’s ring
Stage IV Hodgkin Lymphoma
Tumors are in the bone marrow, lung, etc
Basically anywhere outside the lymph nodes, spleen, or Waldeyer’s ring
All stages of Lymphoma are divided further based on what?
a) Absence of systemic symptoms
b) Presence of systemic symptoms
B-symptoms include fever, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss
They worsen prognosis
Treatment of Low stage Hodgkin Lymphoma
Chemotherapy and Radiaiton
Treatment of High stage Hodgkin Lymphoma
Chemotherapy
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Neoplastic Lymphocytes originating in lymph nodes or extranodal lymph tissue
What cells do Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma typically effect
Mostly B-cells (85%)
Can be T-cells (15%)
Clinical Features of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Incidence steadily rises after the age of 40
Painless lymph node enlargement
Systemic symptoms in 30% of patients
Splenomegaly
Disease may spread to GI tract, bones, CNS
Stage I Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Involves a single lymph node region or extralymphatic site
Stage II Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Involves 2+ lymph nodes regions on the same side of the diaphragm
Stage III Non-hodgkin Lymphoma
Involves lymphatic node regions on both sides of the diaphragm
Stage IV Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Multiple or disseminated foci of involvement of one or more extra-lymphatic organs or tissues with or without lymphatic involvement
Acute Leukemia
Rapid onset with blasts in the blood (immature cells)
Myeloid and lymphoid cells are effected
Rapidly fatal
Mostly blast cells are circulating
WBC count is increased
20% of bone marrow is made up of blasts (increased)
Chronic Leukemia
Slow onset Tends to involve more mature cells Myeloid and Lymphoid cells are effected WBC count is increased Blast cells are not increased in bone marrow
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Clonal growth of primitive lymphoid cells
Increased WBC count is often accompanied by thrombocytopenia
Most common in children - the most frequent cancer in those under 15 yo (can occur at any age)
Children have good prognosis
Adults have bad prognosis
Lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly may occur
What is the prognosis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia based on?
Cytogenetics
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment
Chemotherapy is the primary treatment
Bone marrow transplant is considered in a relapse
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Clonal proiliferation of primitive myeloid cell
More common in adults
Increased WBC count is accompanied by anemia and thrombocytopenia
Myeloperoxidase is present in the cytoplasm
Sometimes lesional cells will proliferate in the soft tissue - can cause gingival enlargement
70% of patients have remission
