WBC's

Question 1

Myeloid stem cells develop into?

Answer 1

Platelets, erythrocytes, granulocytes and monocytes.

Question 2

Lymphoid stem cells develop into?

Answer 2

Lymphocytes

Question 3

Myelocytic maturation series

Answer 3

Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Myelocyte
Metamyelocyte
Bands
PMN's

Question 4

Which altered cell morphologies suggest Neutrophilia?

Answer 4

Toxic granulation
Vacuolozation
Dohle Bodies
Necrobiosis

Question 5

Normal WBC count?

Answer 5

4,000 to 12,000

Question 6

Diff percentages

Answer 6

PMN's: 50 - 70%
Bands: 0 - 5%
Lympho: 20 - 40%
Mono: 0 - 7 %
Baso: 0 - 5%

Question 7

Coulter Principle

Answer 7

Electrical impedance.

Resistance or change in current when cell passes btw 2 electrodes in NaCl solution.

Question 8

Flow Cytometry

Answer 8

Uses lasers to measure both forward and side scatter.
Forward scatter measures size
Side scatter measures granularity

Question 9

How many lobes does the average neutrophil have?

Answer 9

Average of 3. ALways fewer than 5.
More than 3 cells with 5 segs is considered hypersegmentation.
One cell with 6 is considered hyperseg.

Question 10

Another name for hypersegmentation?

Answer 10

Right shift

Question 11

Hyposegmentation

Answer 11

Fewer than 3 lobes in a neutrophil.

Question 12

Toxic granulation

Answer 12

Found in severe inflammatory states (sepsis)

Question 13

Vacuolization

Answer 13

Seen in a neutrophil

An aid in the dx of septicemia (blood poisoning)

Question 14

Penias

Answer 14

Too little

Question 15

Philia

Answer 15

Too much

Question 16

Neutrophils

Answer 16

Important in inflammatory response
Phagocytes that engulf bacteria
 - Stress
 - Acute inflammation
 - Chronic infxn

Question 17

Left shift

Answer 17

Increased number of immature neutriphils

Suggests acute inflammation on bacterial infxn

Question 18

Toxic cell appearance

Answer 18

Dohle bodies
Vacuoles
Intra-cellular microbes

Question 19

Dohle bodies

Answer 19

Sky blue inclusions
Rough ER containing RNA.
Failure of cytoplasm to mature
Found in infxn, burns, poisoning, chemo

Question 20

Neutrophilia

Answer 20

Too many neutrophils
Bacterial Infections, inflammation
Emotional stimuli
Cold, heat, exercise, pain, trauma, smoking, ovulation, labor.

Question 21

Drug causes of eutrophilia

Answer 21

Epi
Steroids
Lithium
Venoms, poisons, toxins
Smoking

Question 22

Neutropenia

Answer 22

Less than normal PMN’s

Influenced by age and race

Question 23

Neutropenia causes

Answer 23

Drugs (ablative therapy)
Viral Infections (HIV, hepatitis, malaria)
SLE
Megaloblastic anemia, aplastic anemia
Bone marrow failure

Question 24

Lymphocytes

Answer 24

25 - 33% of WBC’s (1,000 - 4,000)

B and T cells (viral)

Question 25

Lymphocyte percentages

Answer 25

60 - 80% are T cells 10 - 20% are B cells 5 - 10% are NK cells

Question 26

Lymphosytosis causes

Answer 26

Viral Infections (mono and CMV) Bacterial Infxns (pertussis) Dilantin Neoplasm (leukemias)

Question 27

Lymphopenia causes

Answer 27

SCID, malnutrition, zinc deficiency HIV, Radiation, chemo, SLE Glucocorticoids, anasthesia, TB, burns, Flu

Question 28

Monocytes

Answer 28

2 - 6% of WBC's (200 - 800) Exit blood to become macrophages Phagocytic, defend against bacteria and viruses

Question 29

Monocytosis causes

Answer 29

Leukemia, lymphoma TB, SBE FUO, GI disorders

Question 30

Eosinophils

Answer 30

1 - 4% of WBC's (0 - 450)

Question 31

Eosinophilia causes

Answer 31

Acute allergic rxns Parasitic infestation TB, eczema, psoriasis neoplasms, autoimmune

Question 32

Basophils

Answer 32

0.5% of WBC's (0 - 100)

Question 33

Basophilia causes

Answer 33

``` CML, allergies Inflammatory disorders Irradiation Viral infxns Hypersensitivity rxns ```

Question 34

Leukocytosis

Answer 34

WBC's above 12,000

Question 35

Leukopenia

Answer 35

WBC's below 4,000

Question 36

Leukemoid Reaction

Answer 36

Presence of metamyelocytes and myelocytes | Must ddx Severe reactive leukocytosis and a neoplastic process (leukemia)

Question 37

What would you see in viral infxn?

Answer 37

Neutropenia (decrease) | Lymphocytosis (increase)