WBCs - E notes

Question 1

Macrophages may cause damage known as ….. …..
Name conditions in which this can occur

Answer 1

chronic inflammation
Cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, TB

Question 2

Name 2 resident macrophages and state their location

Answer 2

Kupffer cells in the liver
Langerhans cells in the ski

Question 3

Monocytes are blood cells that can give rise by migration into tissues to macrophages - normally migration into inflamed tissues

Question 4

State the functions of macrophages

Answer 4

• Phagocytose and kill organisms
• Remove debris by secreting enzymes, for example collagenase which allows for effective repair
• They phagoctyose apoptotic bodies
• Are critical for tissue homeostais and remodelling

Question 5

Eosinophils

Answer 5

similar to neutrophils but have coarser granules and rarely more than 3 nuclear lobes
. Have a role in local immunity and tissue repair
Increased production in chronic allergic conditions or parastitic infections
. Involved in tissue damage, repair and remodelling - like neutrophils
- In response to allergic reaction, reactive oxygen species, cytokines and other molecules are released which can cause damage - for example, epithelial cell damage from ROS and cytotoxic granule proteins
. But these factors also promote repair processes to activate fibroblasts, degrade the ECM, angiogenesis and can also lead to fibrosis with chronic conditions
. They do cell activation, can be the ‘itch’ response (through nerve cell interaction)
. They do immunomodulation through, for example T-cell recruitment
. Also humoral immunity and have host defence properties