Weather Flashcards
(84 cards)
1
Q
atmoshperic circulation is caused by:
A
uneven heating
2
Q
Basic elements of weather
A
-atmoshpere
-air masses
-temperature (warm or cold)
-pressure
-wind (a vector with speed and direction)
-moisture (or humidity)
-clouds
-precipitation
3
Q
Three Cell Theory
A
-uneven heating from the sun
-tilt of the earth
-coriolis force
4
Q
lifting air
A
low pressure
5
Q
sinking air
A
high pressure
6
Q
turns non-steerable objects to the right in the northern hemisphere
A
Coriolis effect
7
Q
Natural air = ________+__________+_________
A
dry air
condensation nuclei
water vapor
8
Q
Atmoshpere is made up of ___% oxygen
A
20.95%
9
Q
Atmosphere is made of ___% nitrogen
A
78.08%
10
Q
Atmosphere is made of ___% Trace Gases
A
.04
11
Q
Atmosphere is composed of ___% argon
A
.93%
11
Q
5 air masses affecting United States the most
A
-Siberian High
-North American High
-Icelandic High
-Pineapple Express
-Bermuda High
12
Q
standard temperature lapse rate
A
2 degrees
13
Q
OLR
A
observed lapse rate
14
Q
stable atmosphere
A
an atmosphere that is changing less than 1.5 degrees per 1000 ft
15
Q
unstable atmosphere
A
3 degrees or greater OLR
16
Q
four methods of heat transfer
A
-radiation
-conduction
-convection
-advection
17
Q
insolation
A
comes from the sun to the earth
18
Q
types of temperature inversions
A
-radiation (or nocturnal)
-frontal
19
Q
which fronts have a temperature inversion
A
all of them
20
Q
all fronts are _____ pressures
A
low
21
Q
the rate at which air will accelerate depends on rate at which pressure changes with distance
A
Pressure gradient force
22
Q
causes the wind to blow
A
pressure gradient force
23
Q
the closer the isobars are spaced, the _____ the wind
A
faster
24
we call closely spaced isobars:
strong or steep pressure gradient
25
We call widely spaced isobars:
weak or flat pressure gradient
26
above 2000 feet, the wind tends to ________
parallels the isobars
27
high to low _________
lookout below
28
Low to high _____
nothing but sky
29
three states of moisture: visible and invisible
-gas/vapor (invisible)
-liquid (visible)
-solid (visible)
30
most common way clouds are formed
adiabatic process
31
when the temperature of a gas is changed without the addition or deletion of heat energy
adiabatic process
32
an altitude to which the air must be lifted for condensation to take place. Clouds will form at this altitude. Temperature and dew point are the same.
level of condensation or lifted condensation level
33
a boundary between air masses of different density
front
34
the name of the front comes from what happens ___________
after the front passes
35
four requirements for front to be identified
-Temperature
-Dew point
-Pressure - "fall then rise"
-Wind shift - approx. 90deg, will need drift correction to the right (wind speed and direction will change across a boundary)
35
wind is always recorded _________ its direction
from
36
steep slope
1:80 average
37
trailing edge of a cold air
warm front
38
warm front slope
shallow
39
warm fronts affect _______ area than a cold front
more
40
atmospheric layers
(starting from earth)
-troposphere
-stratosphere
-mesosphere
-thermosphere
-exosphere
41
air ____ and _______ to the upper latitudes
air ____and_______to the lower latitudes
cools and descends
42
warm air _____ and moves _________ the poles
rises
toward
43
air mass classification: water vapor content:
-c_________(________)
-m_________(_________)
continental air mass (dry air)
maritime air mass (moist air)
44
Temperature: (by Latitudes of origin)
-A= arctic air mass (70-90 deg)
P=Polar air mass (40-60 deg)
T= Tropical air mass (10-30 deg)
E = Equatorial air mass (0-10 deg)
45
Temperature is a measurement of _________ and describes the degreee of ____________ activity.
heat energy
molecular
46
Temperature Characteristics:
-Standard Day: _____
-Warmest temperatures near_____
-Decreases with _______
-Standard _________
-OLR- _________
-15 deg C
-ground
-altitude
-lapse rate
-observed lapse rate
47
observed lapse rate is the _____________ lapse rate, not the ________________
actual
averaged out
48
Radiation (__________) Inversion
-Best conditions:____________
nocturnal
clear and cool night
49
______________ clouds redirect the heat back to the ground
overcast
50
Masses of air meet- the _______ mass is less dense and _____________ while the ___________________ air settles to the ground.
warmer
lifts
colder
51
Standard day pressure
Hg
hP/mb
29.92"
1013.2
52
Pressure Systems- High (___________)
Anticyclone
53
General Weather High Pressure
-sinking of air near center
-divergence
-light to moderate wind
-usually no turbulence
-visibilitygood, except for early morning fog or haze
-flying conditions- good
54
As high pressure air sinks, it tends to _______________________ the air, _____ the moisure, have ____ turbulence, and _______ wing
dry out
decrease
less
less
55
Pressure Systems Low ( ____________)
Cyclone
56
General Weather Low Pressure
-lifting near center of low
-convergence
-moderate to strong wind
-turbulence
-visibility limited by clouds, fog, precip
-ALL FRONTS ARE LOW PRESSURE
-flight conditions-poor
57
water is in a constant state of transformation called the ___________________
hydrologic cycle
58
fog resulting from surface cooling
advection
59
FOG
-warm, moist air flowing over a cooler surface
-deepens with wind between 3-9 KTS
-can be deep, persistant
advection fog
60
Fog that results from radiation cooling on clear, calm nights
radiation fog
61
FOG
-relatively shallow
-light winds
-midnight to sunrise
radiation fog
62
Types of fog
-radiation
-advection
-precipitation-induced
-upslope
-freezing
-ice
63
_________ slows dissipation of fog
greenhouse effect/ovc sky
64
__________prevents fog
greenhous effect/ovc sky
65
Fog dissipation factors (3)
-heating
-strong wind (except for 2 types of fog)
-greenhouse effect/ovc sky
66
Fog cooling actions
-radiation
-adiabatic
-conduction
67
small temparature/dew point spread, abundant condensation nuclei, light surface wind (except for 2 types), and cooling land surfaces with warm air above are all __________________________________
fog formation factors
68
fog resulting from moist, stable air being lifted by sloping terrain
upslope fog
69
FOG
-cools adiabatically
-wind greater than 10 KTS
-may cause cap clouds
upslope fog
70
Fog that results from conditions when supercooled droplets contact freezing surface
freezing frog
71
FOG
-supercooled droplets remain liquid until contacting freezing surface
-sub-freezing temps
freezing fog
72
Fog resulting from extremely cold temperatures and deposition
Ice fog
73
FOG
-tiny ice crystals suspended in air
-temps less than or equal to 30 deg C
-often seen in Arctic/Polar air
Ice Fog
74
Visible moisture with base below 50ft and no visible downward motion
fog
75
visibility less than 5/8 sm
fog
76
visibility greater to or equal to 5/8 sm
mist
77
FOG flight planning
-consider fog formation at destination
-check weather reports
-pick an alternate airfield
-ask questions
78
six BASIC elements of weather are the following:
-temperature (warm or cold)
-pressure
-wind
-moisture (or humidity)
-clouds
-precipitation
79
Condensation nuclei consist of:
dust, smoke, and salt (hygroscopic)
80
salt particles _____________ water vapor
attract
81
how do i request a weather brifing
training environment: you will generally fly off of our product set.
-in advanced aircraft: you may occasionally request a DD 175-1 for a specialm multi-ship mission
-outside training environment: local weather flight will "provide or arrange for support"
-deployed environment: staff weather officer (SWO)
82
