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Flight Instruments Pt 3 > Weather > Flashcards

Weather Flashcards

1
Q

atmoshperic circulation is caused by:

A

uneven heating

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2
Q

Basic elements of weather

A

-atmoshpere
-air masses
-temperature (warm or cold)
-pressure
-wind (a vector with speed and direction)
-moisture (or humidity)
-clouds
-precipitation

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3
Q

Three Cell Theory

A

-uneven heating from the sun
-tilt of the earth
-coriolis force

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4
Q

lifting air

A

low pressure

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5
Q

sinking air

A

high pressure

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6
Q

turns non-steerable objects to the right in the northern hemisphere

A

Coriolis effect

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7
Q

Natural air = ________+__________+_________

A

dry air
condensation nuclei
water vapor

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8
Q

Atmoshpere is made up of ___% oxygen

A

20.95%

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9
Q

Atmosphere is made of ___% nitrogen

A

78.08%

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10
Q

Atmosphere is made of ___% Trace Gases

A

.04

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11
Q

Atmosphere is composed of ___% argon

A

.93%

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11
Q

5 air masses affecting United States the most

A

-Siberian High
-North American High
-Icelandic High
-Pineapple Express
-Bermuda High

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12
Q

standard temperature lapse rate

A

2 degrees

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13
Q

OLR

A

observed lapse rate

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14
Q

stable atmosphere

A

an atmosphere that is changing less than 1.5 degrees per 1000 ft

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15
Q

unstable atmosphere

A

3 degrees or greater OLR

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16
Q

four methods of heat transfer

A

-radiation
-conduction
-convection
-advection

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17
Q

insolation

A

comes from the sun to the earth

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18
Q

types of temperature inversions

A

-radiation (or nocturnal)
-frontal

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19
Q

which fronts have a temperature inversion

A

all of them

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20
Q

all fronts are _____ pressures

A

low

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21
Q

the rate at which air will accelerate depends on rate at which pressure changes with distance

A

Pressure gradient force

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22
Q

causes the wind to blow

A

pressure gradient force

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23
Q

the closer the isobars are spaced, the _____ the wind

A

faster

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24
Q

we call closely spaced isobars:

A

strong or steep pressure gradient

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25
Q

We call widely spaced isobars:

A

weak or flat pressure gradient

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26
Q

above 2000 feet, the wind tends to ________

A

parallels the isobars

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27
Q

high to low _________

A

lookout below

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28
Q

Low to high _____

A

nothing but sky

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29
Q

three states of moisture: visible and invisible

A

-gas/vapor (invisible)
-liquid (visible)
-solid (visible)

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30
Q

most common way clouds are formed

A

adiabatic process

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31
Q

when the temperature of a gas is changed without the addition or deletion of heat energy

A

adiabatic process

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32
Q

an altitude to which the air must be lifted for condensation to take place. Clouds will form at this altitude. Temperature and dew point are the same.

A

level of condensation or lifted condensation level

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33
Q

a boundary between air masses of different density

A

front

34
Q

the name of the front comes from what happens ___________

A

after the front passes

35
Q

four requirements for front to be identified

A

-Temperature
-Dew point
-Pressure - “fall then rise”
-Wind shift - approx. 90deg, will need drift correction to the right (wind speed and direction will change across a boundary)

35
Q

wind is always recorded _________ its direction

A

from

36
Q

steep slope

A

1:80 average

37
Q

trailing edge of a cold air

A

warm front

38
Q

warm front slope

A

shallow

39
Q

warm fronts affect _______ area than a cold front

A

more

40
Q

atmospheric layers

A

(starting from earth)
-troposphere
-stratosphere
-mesosphere
-thermosphere
-exosphere

41
Q

air ____ and _______ to the upper latitudes

air ____and_______to the lower latitudes

A

cools and descends

42
Q

warm air _____ and moves _________ the poles

A

rises

toward

43
Q

air mass classification: water vapor content:

-c_________(________)
-m_________(_________)

A

continental air mass (dry air)
maritime air mass (moist air)

44
Q

Temperature: (by Latitudes of origin)

A

-A= arctic air mass (70-90 deg)
P=Polar air mass (40-60 deg)
T= Tropical air mass (10-30 deg)
E = Equatorial air mass (0-10 deg)

45
Q

Temperature is a measurement of _________ and describes the degreee of ____________ activity.

A

heat energy

molecular

46
Q

Temperature Characteristics:
-Standard Day: _____
-Warmest temperatures near_____
-Decreases with _______
-Standard _________
-OLR- _________

A

-15 deg C
-ground
-altitude
-lapse rate
-observed lapse rate

47
Q

observed lapse rate is the _____________ lapse rate, not the ________________

A

actual

averaged out

48
Q

Radiation (__________) Inversion
-Best conditions:____________

A

nocturnal

clear and cool night

49
Q

______________ clouds redirect the heat back to the ground

A

overcast

50
Q

Masses of air meet- the _______ mass is less dense and _____________ while the ___________________ air settles to the ground.

A

warmer

lifts

colder

51
Q

Standard day pressure
Hg
hP/mb

A

29.92”
1013.2

52
Q

Pressure Systems- High (___________)

A

Anticyclone

53
Q

General Weather High Pressure

A

-sinking of air near center
-divergence
-light to moderate wind
-usually no turbulence
-visibilitygood, except for early morning fog or haze
-flying conditions- good

54
Q

As high pressure air sinks, it tends to _______________________ the air, _____ the moisure, have ____ turbulence, and _______ wing

A

dry out
decrease
less
less

55
Q

Pressure Systems Low ( ____________)

A

Cyclone

56
Q

General Weather Low Pressure

A

-lifting near center of low
-convergence
-moderate to strong wind
-turbulence
-visibility limited by clouds, fog, precip
-ALL FRONTS ARE LOW PRESSURE
-flight conditions-poor

57
Q

water is in a constant state of transformation called the ___________________

A

hydrologic cycle

58
Q

fog resulting from surface cooling

A

advection

59
Q

FOG
-warm, moist air flowing over a cooler surface
-deepens with wind between 3-9 KTS
-can be deep, persistant

A

advection fog

60
Q

Fog that results from radiation cooling on clear, calm nights

A

radiation fog

61
Q

FOG
-relatively shallow
-light winds
-midnight to sunrise

A

radiation fog

62
Q

Types of fog

A

-radiation
-advection
-precipitation-induced
-upslope
-freezing
-ice

63
Q

_________ slows dissipation of fog

A

greenhouse effect/ovc sky

64
Q

__________prevents fog

A

greenhous effect/ovc sky

65
Q

Fog dissipation factors (3)

A

-heating
-strong wind (except for 2 types of fog)
-greenhouse effect/ovc sky

66
Q

Fog cooling actions

A

-radiation
-adiabatic
-conduction

67
Q

small temparature/dew point spread, abundant condensation nuclei, light surface wind (except for 2 types), and cooling land surfaces with warm air above are all __________________________________

A

fog formation factors

68
Q

fog resulting from moist, stable air being lifted by sloping terrain

A

upslope fog

69
Q

FOG
-cools adiabatically
-wind greater than 10 KTS
-may cause cap clouds

A

upslope fog

70
Q

Fog that results from conditions when supercooled droplets contact freezing surface

A

freezing frog

71
Q

FOG
-supercooled droplets remain liquid until contacting freezing surface
-sub-freezing temps

A

freezing fog

72
Q

Fog resulting from extremely cold temperatures and deposition

A

Ice fog

73
Q

FOG
-tiny ice crystals suspended in air
-temps less than or equal to 30 deg C
-often seen in Arctic/Polar air

A

Ice Fog

74
Q

Visible moisture with base below 50ft and no visible downward motion

A

fog

75
Q

visibility less than 5/8 sm

A

fog

76
Q

visibility greater to or equal to 5/8 sm

A

mist

77
Q

FOG flight planning

A

-consider fog formation at destination
-check weather reports
-pick an alternate airfield
-ask questions

78
Q

six BASIC elements of weather are the following:

A

-temperature (warm or cold)
-pressure
-wind
-moisture (or humidity)
-clouds
-precipitation

79
Q

Condensation nuclei consist of:

A

dust, smoke, and salt (hygroscopic)

80
Q

salt particles _____________ water vapor

A

attract

81
Q

how do i request a weather brifing

A

training environment: you will generally fly off of our product set.
-in advanced aircraft: you may occasionally request a DD 175-1 for a specialm multi-ship mission
-outside training environment: local weather flight will “provide or arrange for support”
-deployed environment: staff weather officer (SWO)

82
Q
A

Flight Instruments Pt 3 (9 decks)

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