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GCSE Geography Eduquas > Weather (theme 2) > Flashcards

Weather (theme 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What causes wind

A

Differences in air pressure

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2
Q

What happens when there are different air pressures

A

Air moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure the greater difference in air pressure the stronger the winds

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3
Q

How is sun’s energy spread at the poles

A

Spread over large area resulting in low temps and high pressure

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4
Q

How is sun’s energy spread at the equator

A

Concentrated in a small area resulting in high temps and low pressure

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5
Q

3 convection cells

A

Hadley ferrel polar

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6
Q

7 stages of global atmospheric circulation

A
  1. Warm air rises from equator creating belt of low pressure as air rises it cools
  2. Condensation creates clouds and rain that move north and south of the equator
  3. At 30 North and south cold dry air skins creating high pressure and clear skies

4.when sinking air reaches earth’s surface ut noves either back to equator or towards poles

  1. At 60 North south equator surface air meets Colfer air from the piles which rises creating a bley of low pressure
  2. air rises and colds moves back yo equator or towards the poles
  3. At piles coil air skins so highn pressure and moves back to equator
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7
Q

What is an air mass

A

large pocket of air in the atmosphere

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8
Q

What air masses affect the uk?

A

Polar maritime
Arctic maritime
Polar continental
Tropical Maritime
Tropican continental

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9
Q

Types of surface winds

A

Trade winds, westerlies

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10
Q

What are trade winds

A

30 degrees north/south back towards the equator
winds from the northern and southern hemisphere meet at the equator and are heated

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11
Q

What are westerlies

A

30 degrees north to the north pole and south to the south pole

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12
Q

What are surface winds

A

At 30o north and south, the air from the equator cools and falls. When the cool air reaches the Earth’s surface, surface winds blow the cool air either towards the equator, or away from the equator towards the Poles.

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13
Q

Features of arid climate zones

A

Temperatures are high and rainfall is low for most of the year in arid (dry) regions.
Rainfall is low because of a high pressure belt caused by sinking air from 2 cells meeting at about 30o north and south of the equator.

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14
Q

Features of temperate climate zones

A

Temperate regions experience moderate summers and winters.
Rainfall is frequent because of a low pressure belt caused by rising air from 2 cells meeting at about 60o north and south of the equator.

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15
Q

Features of tropical climate zones

A

Temperatures and rainfall are high throughout the year in tropical regions.
Rainfall is frequent because of a low pressure belt caused by rising air from 2 cells meeting near the equator.

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16
Q

Features of Polar climate zones

A

Temperatures are low throughout the year in polar regions.

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17
Q

Factors that affect climate

A

Latitude
Altitude
Distance from sea
Global atmospheric circulation

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18
Q

How does latitude affect climate

A

-Affects how much sun a place gets and how strong it is in different seasons
-Further away from the equator cooler
-Closer to the poles sunlight has a larger area of atmosphere to pass through so more energy is lost so cooler

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19
Q

How does Air pressure affect climate?

A

-Areas of low pressure develop clouds and precpitation while high pressure brings clear sunny weather

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20
Q

How does global atmospheric circulation affect climate?

A

The Earth’s atmosphere is split into a
number of cells. Each cell is either high
or low pressure. Depending on the type
of pressure the air will either be rising
or sinking.

The Ferrell Cell meets the Polar Cell at
around the same latitude as the UK.

Here warm moist air will meet cool dry
air this leads to a low pressure weather
system where there will be poor
weather e.g. rain and wind.

The Jetstream can make this weather
better or worse.

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21
Q

How does altitude affect climate?

A

Altitude is the height above sea
level

Locations at a higher altitude
have colder temperatures.
Temperature usually decreases
by 1°C for every 100 metres in
altitude.

In the mountainous areas of the
UK the weather will be cooler
than at sea level.

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22
Q

How does distance from the sea affect climate

A

Oceans heat up and cool down
much more slowly than land.
This means that coastal
locations tend to be cooler in
summer and warmer in winter
than places inland at the same
latitude and altitude.

23
Q

Driest weather in the UK

A

South east

24
Q

Most rainfall in the UK

A

North west

25
Q

What are depressions

A

Areas of low air pressure which produce cloudy rainy and windy weather

26
Q

When warm air is rising pressure is

A

Low pressure because the air is moving away from the earth

27
Q

What are anticyclones

A

Areas of high pressure, as the air sinks it warms up leading to warm and dry weather

28
Q

When cold air sinks pressure is….

A

High because air is moving down towards the earth pushing down on the surface

29
Q

Conditions of low pressure events

A

-Rainfall storms, wind

30
Q

Conditions of high pressure events

A

Heat waves, calm days, cloudless skies

31
Q

Causes of an urban heat island

A

During the day, concrete, brick and tarmac
absorb the heat from the sun. This heat is
then radiated into the atmosphere during the
evening and at night.

Buildings that are badly insulated lose the
heat energy, especially through roofs and
windows.

Heat is also created in cars and factories and
this heat is also lost to the air from exhausts
and chimneys.

32
Q

What is an urban heat island?

A

urbanized areas that experience higher temperatures than outlying areas

33
Q

Example of high pressure weather event case study

A

California drought

34
Q

Conditions needed for hurricane formation

A

Tropical Storms start within 8º and 15º
north and south of the equator where
surface sea temperatures reach 27ºC.

The air above the warm sea is heated and
rises. This causes low pressure.

Warm water heats the air causing it to rise really
quickly, then it gets pushed aside as it cools.

This pushing causes the clouds to spin.

35
Q

Features of a huricane

A

-Winds faster than 118km/h
-Storms have a central area of calm known as the eye which is the funnel that warm air rises

36
Q

Low pressure event on a HIC case study

A

hurricane katrina

37
Q

Hazards of a hurricane

A

-Strong winds
-Heavy rain
-Storm surges

38
Q

Ocean hurricanes form over

A

Atlantic

39
Q

Ocean cyclones form over

A

Indian

40
Q

Ocean typhoons form over

A

Pacific

41
Q

Economic impacts of katrina

A

60 000 homes damaged beyond repair
Economic cost 300 billion
60 percent of jobs lost

42
Q

Social impacts of katrina

A

90 percent of children lost education
1200 people died
1 million made homeless short term and permanent

43
Q

Environmental impacts of katrina

A

44 oil spils damaged wet lands
Significant coastal erosion and tree loss

44
Q

Why was new orleans so affected by Katrina

A

6 feet below sea level due to removing water in medieval times

45
Q

Economic impacts of Alia

A

1/2 year salary to replace
Lost income from livestock
Not enough money to repair houses

46
Q

Social impacts of Alia

A

Contaminated water supply
People had to move due to devastation but some could not afford to
Breeches in embankments meant areas kept reflooding

47
Q

Response for hurricane Alia

A

-whitihin hours charities sent in relief with clean water blankets etc
-soap supplied to stop disease
-health classes

48
Q

Jet stream

A

Fast flowing current of air that controls storms

49
Q

Causes of california drought

A

-Lack of snow in winter less snow melt filling resivours
-Resivourie hold 1/3 of LAs water
-Farmers used 80 pervent of water

50
Q

Social impacts of Cali dorught

A

People had to cut 1/4 of water
Cracks in buildings and roads
Dams stopped producing electricity

51
Q

Environmental impacts of drought

A

Ecosystems suffr due to lack of water
31 00 oak habitat burned
Salmon and trout died in rivers

52
Q

Economic impacts of Cali drought

A

Not enough water to plant fields
17 100 jobs lost to drought

53
Q

Responses to Cali drougt

A

-2.5 billion in new resiovours
-5 billion in groundwater storage schemes
-Gov paid 687 million in compensation

GCSE Geography Eduquas (11 decks)

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