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Maternal Newborn 211 > Week 03 > Flashcards

Week 03 Flashcards

Prenatal Care (108 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three stages of prenatal care?

A

Antepartum, Intrapartum, Postpartum

Antepartum is from the first day of LMP until labor, Intrapartum is labor and delivery, and Postpartum is 6 weeks after delivery.

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2
Q

Define ‘Term’ in the context of due date classification.

A

37+ weeks

This classification helps in understanding the timing of delivery.

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3
Q

What are the goals of preconception care?

A
  • Promote health and wellbeing
  • Identify and modify risk factors
  • Prevention and management

Examples include addressing smoking, hypothyroidism, and drug use.

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4
Q

List three risk factors that can affect pregnancy.

A
  • Medications
  • Alcohol
  • Smoking

Other risk factors include diabetes, obesity, and STIs.

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the initial prenatal visit?

A
  • Establish a relationship
  • Medical history and overall wellness
  • Identify and correct risk factors
  • Health assessment
  • Physical exam
  • Lab testing

This visit is crucial for a healthy pregnancy.

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6
Q

Name three prenatal labs typically conducted during the initial visit.

A
  • Urinalysis
  • CBC
  • Blood type

Additional tests may include rubella, HIV, and cervical smears.

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7
Q

What does the acronym A-B-C-D-E-F stand for in prenatal assessment?

A
  • A: Amniotic fluid leakage
  • B: Bleeding vaginally
  • C: Contractions
  • D: Dysuria
  • E: Edema
  • F: Fetal movement

This helps in monitoring the health of the pregnancy.

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8
Q

How often should follow-up prenatal visits occur until 28 weeks?

A

Every 4 weeks

Frequency changes after 28 weeks.

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9
Q

What is Naegele’s Rule used for?

A

Determining the estimated due date

It involves calculating from the first day of the last menstrual cycle.

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10
Q

What is the significance of measuring fundal height?

A

To assess fetal growth and development

At various weeks, the height corresponds to specific anatomical landmarks.

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11
Q

Define ‘Complete miscarriage’.

A

All products of conception are passed, no interventions needed

This is one type of spontaneous abortion.

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12
Q

What are the two types of surgical abortion?

A
  • Dilation and curettage (D&C)
  • Dilation and evacuation (D&E)

These methods are used depending on the gestational age.

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13
Q

What does the letter ‘G’ represent in the pregnancy classification system?

A

Gravida - number of times a patient has been pregnant

This is part of the GTPAL system used for pregnancy history.

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14
Q

True or False: Fetal Fibronectin (FFN) levels should be present before 35 weeks.

A

False

FFN is typically absent before 35 weeks.

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15
Q

What is the purpose of a Fetal Non-Stress Test (NST)?

A

To indicate fetal well-being and oxygenation

Reactive results are considered good.

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16
Q

What are common first trimester discomforts?

A
  • Urine frequency
  • Fatigue
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Breast tenderness
  • Constipation
  • Nasal stuffiness
  • Bleeding gums
  • Epistaxis
  • Cravings
  • Leukorrhea

These discomforts are often experienced by pregnant women.

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17
Q

What nutritional recommendations are made during pregnancy?

A
  • Increase calories by 300/day
  • Protein: 25 grams daily
  • Iron: 27 mg daily
  • Folic acid: 400 mcg daily
  • Fluids: 48-64 oz daily
  • Calcium: 1300 mg daily

Proper nutrition is vital for the health of both mother and baby.

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18
Q

What is pseudoanemia?

A

A condition where hematocrit is less than 32% and hemoglobin is less than 11 mg/dL

It often occurs during pregnancy due to increased blood volume.

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19
Q

What is the function of chorionic villus sampling (CVS)?

A

To test for chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders

It can be performed early in pregnancy.

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20
Q

What is the Fetal Biophysical Profile (BPP) used to assess?

A
  • Fetal heart rate (FHR)
  • Breathing
  • Movement
  • Muscle tone
  • Amniotic fluid levels

This test helps reduce the risk of stillbirth.

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21
Q

What is a key sign of impending labor related to fetal position?

A

Lightening - when the fetus drops into the pelvis

This usually occurs around week 39.

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: The average weight gain during pregnancy is ______ pounds.

A

25-35

Weight gain varies based on initial maternal weight.

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23
Q

antepartum

A

first day of LMP until labor begins

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24
Q

intrapartum

A

labor and delivery

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25
postpartum
6 weeks following delivery
26
term
37+ weeks
27
early term
37-38 weeks and six days
28
full term
39-40 weeks and six days
29
late term
41-41 weeks and six days
30
post term
42+ weeks
31
goals of preconception
- promote health and wellbeing - identify and modify risk factors - prevention and management - examples: smoking (IUGR), hypothyroidism (decreased milk production), special diets (supplements), street drugs (abruption)
32
risk factors in pregnancy
meds, alcohol, smoking, diabetes, folic acid, hep b, HIV, rubella, immunity, obesity, nutrition, STI's, environment
33
initial prenatal visit
- establish a relationship - medical history and overall wellness - identify risk factors and correct them - health assessment - physical exam - lab testing
34
prenatal labs
uranalysis, CBC, blood type, rubella, Hep B and C, HIV, RPR, VDRL, cervical smears, ultrasound, A1C, random glucose
35
prenatal assessment A-F
A: amniotic fluid leakage B: bleeding vaginally C: contractions D: dysuria E: edema F: fetal movement
36
prenatal follow up visit every 4 weeks until
28 weeks
37
prenatal follow up visit every 2 weeks until
29-36 weeks
38
prenatal follow up visit weekly starting at
37 weeks until delivery
39
prenatal follow up visit 2 times a week
after due date
40
prenatal follow up visit biweekly for
high risk at 28 weeks
41
prenatal visit week 20
ultrasound
42
prenatal visit weeks 24-28
glucola
43
prenatal visit weeks 26-28
RhoGAM if mother is RH-
44
prenatal visit weeks 34-36
weight, bp, urine protein, urine glucose, ketones, fundal height, FHR
45
Naegele's Rule
- determine first day of last period - from month, subtract 3 - add 7 days - add 1 to year if needed
46
McDonald's rule
fundal height is measured from the level of the pelvic bone to the top of the uterus
47
McDonald's rule week 12
the uterus is above the pelvic bone
48
McDonald's rule week 20
the uterus is at the level of the umbilicus
49
McDonald's rule week 36
the uterus is at the level of the xiphoid process
50
McDonald's rule weeks 38-40
the uterus will go down by 2 cm
51
complete abortion
all products of conception are passed, no interventions are needed
52
incomplete abortion
partial, some POC remain, patients may need medications, D&C, or D&E
53
inevitable abortion
no expulsion, but the cervix is changing, and the patient is bleeding, cannot be avoided
54
threatened misscarriage
a patient may be bleeding, and the cervix may have changed, but the fetus is viable
55
missed misscariage
no S/S found on ultrasound or no FHR on doppler, patient may need medications, D&C, or D&E
56
medical (therapeutic) abortion
patients’ life Is in danger if pregnancy remains, or the fetus has anomalies that are not compatible with life, medications, D&C, or D&E will be done
57
surgical abortion
D&C, D&E
58
D&C
dilation and curettage
59
D&E
dilation and evacuation
60
medications to induce abortion
cytotec, methotrexate
61
gravida
number of times a patient has been pregnant
62
nulligravida
never been pregnant
63
primigravida
experiencing first pregnancy
64
multigravida
more than one pregnancy
65
parity
number of pregnancies carried to viability
66
nullipara
67
primipara
68
multipara
69
abortion
spontaneous and induced below 19 weeks and 6 days
70
warning signs in pregnancy
edema, headaches, visual changes, rapid weight gain, pain, signs of infection, vaginal bleeding, persistent vomiting, muscular irritability, decrease in fetal movement
71
ultrasonography transvaginal
before 12 weeks
72
ultrasonography transabdominal
after 12 weeks
73
amniocentesis
amniotic fluid sample
74
time period for a amniocentesis
they prefer to wait until after 14 weeks, but it can be done at any time
75
amniocentesis early in pregnancy
11-14 weeks; genetic testing, higher risk of SAB
76
amniocentesis mid pregnancy
15-20 weeks; chromosomal abnormalities, fetal wellbeing in mothers with RH- blood
77
amniocentesis later in pregnancy
30+ weeks; fetal lung testing, diagnosis of fetal infection, paternity testing
78
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
- sample of chorionic villi - can be done early in pregnancy - invasive procedure - testing for down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia
79
chorionic villi
- finger like projections - anchors the fetus to the uterus lining - will become the placenta
80
percutaneous umbilicus blood sampling
- PUBS - done after 18 weeks - cord access - remove blood - give medications - administer blood products
81
alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
- glycoprotein produced by the fetal sac and fetal liver - testing should be done between weeks 16-18 - high occurrence of false positives
82
high alpha-fetoprotein
neuro tube defect
83
low alpha-fetoprotein
fetal malformation, increased risk of miscarriage
84
fetal fibronectin (FFN)
- protein Needed to Keep the amniotic sac attached to the Uterus - there should be none before 35 weeks - when labor starts the amniotic sac begins to detach from the Uterus - levels begin to rise - test vaginal secretions
85
positive fetal fibronectin
the amniotic sac is detaching and labor process has started
86
negative fetal fibronectin
labor has not started
87
fetal non-stress test (NST)
- non-invasive screening - indicates fetal wellbeing and oxygenation - at least 28 weeks gestation - results are reactive or nonreactive
88
reactive NST
good
89
non-reactive NST
bad
90
contraction stress test (CST)
- contractions are triggered - predicts how the fetus will handle labor - at least 32 weeks gestation - results are negative or positive
91
negative CST
good
92
positive CST
bad
93
biophysical profile
- done to decrease the instance of stillbirth - if there is a decrease from one week to the next, they may need to schedule an induction or c-section
94
what to observe during biophysical profile
FHR, breathing, movement, muscle tone, amniotic fluid levels
95
biophysical profile ranges
- normal: 8-10 - equivocal: 6 - abnormal: 4 or less
96
first trimester discomforts
urine frequency, fatigue, N/V, breast tenderness, constipation, nasal stuffiness, bleeding gums, epistaxis, cravings, leukorrhea
97
second trimester discomforts
backache, vasrcosities, hemorrhoids, flatulence, bloating
98
third trimester discomforts
same as first plus dyspnea, heartburn, indigestion, dependent edema, Braxton hicks
99
average weight gain
25-35 pounds
100
underweight weight gain
28-40 pounds
101
overweight weight gain
15-25 pounds
102
obese weight gail
11-20 pounds
103
calories intake during pregnancy
increase by 300 cal per day
104
protein intake during pregnancy
25 grams daily
105
iron intake during pregnancy
27 mg per day
106
folic acid intake during pregnancy
400 mcg per day
107
fluid intake during pregnancy
6-8 oz glasses per day
108
calcium intake during pregnancy
- 1300 mg per day with vitamin D - can only absorb 500 mg at a time

Maternal Newborn 211 (7 decks)

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