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SEM 2 Nutrition > Week 08 - Energy Expenditure > Flashcards

Week 08 - Energy Expenditure Flashcards

1
Q

Work =

A

Work = Force x distance

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2
Q

Power =

A

Power = work / time

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3
Q

1 L O2 = ___ kcals if 100% CHO

A

5.1 kcals (CHO)

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4
Q

1 L O2 = ____ kcals if 100% fat

A

4.7 kcals (fat)

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5
Q

Complete oxidation of 1 gram of fat requires ____ oxygen than the amount of CO2 produced

A

more

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6
Q

Complete oxidation of 1 gram of CHO requires _____ oxygen as the amount of CO2 it produces

A

the same amount

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7
Q

Exergonic =

A

process that release (frees up) energy into its surroundings

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8
Q

Endergonic =

A

stores or absorbs energy

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9
Q

Enzymes =

A

protein that catalyses a biological reaction

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10
Q

Enzymes & co-enzymes function as (3):

A
  • biological catalysts
  • couplers
  • regulators of metabolism
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11
Q

Factors influencing enzyme function (3):

A
  • pH
  • Temperature
  • Availability of substrate and enzyme
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12
Q

Does anaerobic energy system require O2?

A

No

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13
Q

Does aerobic energy system require O2?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Where does anaerobic system occur?

A

sarcoplasm

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15
Q

Where does aerobic system occur?

A

mitochondria

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16
Q

2 disadvantages of the phosphocreatine system (PCr)

A
  • limited capacity

- Total amount of energy available is small

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17
Q

Adenylate kinase in important during _____ ????

A

High intensity exercise

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18
Q

Foods contain energy in… (3)?

A
  • CHO
  • Protein
  • fat
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19
Q

1 calorie expresses the quantity of energy needed to raise ….?

A

1 ml of water by 1 C

20
Q

1 joule expresses the quantity of energy needed to move…?

A

1g at a velocity of 1 m/s

21
Q

Rate of O2 consumed is directly related to …?

A

Rate of energy produced

22
Q

Closed circuit spirometry describes…

A

breathe through mouthpiece, CO2 gets trapped, O2 consumed decrease O2 in spirometer, Change in volume is measured and O2 uptake is used to calculate EE

23
Q

Open circuit spirometry describes….

A
  • measured breathing ambient air

- EE is measured from O2 and CO2 content of inspired and expired air

24
Q

Indirect calorimetry…?

A
  • Douglas bag

- Breath-by-breath systems: measure volume at mouth piece, small gas sample is collected at every expiration

25
Q

What percentage of energy expenditure is the resting metabolic rate (RMR) using?

A

40-75%

26
Q

What percentage of energy expenditure is diet induced thermogenesis using?

A

10%

27
Q

Resting metabolic rate is…

A

Energy required for normal functions and homeostasis under resting conditions

28
Q

The largest component of energy expenditure is….

A

Resting metabolic rate (60-75%)

29
Q

Factors can influence your RMR(3)?

A
  • sympathetic nervous system
  • thyroid hormone activity
  • sodium potassium pump activity
30
Q

liver, gut, brain, kidney uses ___% of energy

A

75% (even though only 10% BW)

31
Q

Skeletal muscle uses ____% of energy

A

20% (and 40% BW)

32
Q

Does resting metabolic rate increase or decrease with age?

A

Decrease

33
Q

Men have ____ RMR’s than women

A

higher (due to mass)

34
Q

Charles law:

A
  • increase temp causes increase molecular movement

- gas expands with heat

35
Q

Boyles law:

A
  • inverse relationship with pressure

- decreased volume = increase pressure

36
Q

The smallest contractile unit of of muscle fibres is the…

A

Sarcomere

37
Q

Gibbs ‘free energy’ determines….

A

Whether a reaction will happen spontaneously or not

38
Q

ΔG <0 =

A
  • occurs by itself (favoured)

- exergonic

39
Q

ΔG >0 =

A
  • Cannot occur by itself (not favoured)

- Endogonic

40
Q

ΔG = 0…?

A
  • No free energy CHANGE

- Reactor is in equilibrium

41
Q

ATP in skeletal muscle is ___mmol/kg of wet muscle weight

A

4-5mmol/kg (can only be sustained a few seconds)

42
Q

What is the fastest way to get ATP resynthesised?

A

Through the phosphocreatine system (PCr)

43
Q

PCr in muscle is ____x greater than ATP

A

3-4x

44
Q

The phosphocreatine system results in ____kj per mole of PCr

A

43kj

45
Q

The phosphocreatine system is good for _____

A

power

46
Q

aerobic glycolysis makes ___ ATP, ___ NADH, and ____ FADH

A

4 ATP, 10 NADH, 2 FADH

47
Q

The number of ATP produced depends on….

A
  • Which system transports NADH and H+ into mitochondria

- ATP per yield calculation that is performed

SEM 2 Nutrition (11 decks)

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