Week 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the difference between primary and secondary radars?
A
Primary relies on reflected energy for detection, secondary transmits responses to ‘interrogations’.
2
Q
Interrogating radars operate at what frequency?
A
1030Mhz
3
Q
Transponders operate at what frequency?
A
1090Mhz
4
Q
Military a/c uses IFF in what modes?
A
1 - 5
5
Q
Civil a/c use SSR in which modes?
A
A, B, C and S
6
Q
Which mil IFF and civ SSR modes are the same?
A
IFF mode 3 and SSR mode A
3/A
7
Q
What is the PROWORD for a 4 digit code?
A
Squawk
8
Q
What do the digits in a SQUAWK represent?
A
- The first two digits - agency controlling the a/c
- The second two digits - specific to that a/c
9
Q
What are the civil modes of operation?
A
A - 4096 codes
B - backup for A
C - altitude info
S - 24 bit unique a/c address
10
Q
What are the military modes of operation?
A
1 - platfrom function 2 - platform ID 3 - equivalent to mode A 4 - encrypted response 5 - encrypted data transfer
11
Q
What are the main three conspicuity codes (SQUAWKS)?
A
7700 - emergency
7600 - loss of comms
7500 - unlawful interference
12
Q
What is FRUIT?
A
False Returns Unsynchronised In Time
13
Q
Which mode helps to reduce FRUIT?
A
Mode S
14
Q
What does TCAS stand for?
A
Traffic Collision Avoidance System
15
Q
What are the two types of TCAS warnings?
A
Traffic and resolution.
16
Q
What does a Resolution Advisory (RA) give?
A
Climb/decent instructions
17
Q
What is the purpose of a Traffic Advisory (TA) warning?
A
To give the crew a ‘heads up’ warning of approaching aircraft.
18
Q
A TCAS warning should be actioned …. advising the controller.
A
BEFORE
19
Q
Define an FIR.
A
It is an area of defined dimensions within which flight info and alerting services are provided.
20
Q
What is the purpose of an Flight Info Service (FIS)?
A
To give advice and info useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flight.
21
Q
What is the purpose of an Alerting Service?
A
It is provided to notify appropiate organisations regarding a/c in need of search and rescue (SAR) aid and to assist such organisations as required.
22
Q
How is the FIR divided?
A
- Surface to FL245
- FL245 to FL660
23
Q
What are the two ATCCs?
A
London (Swanwick) and Scottish (Prestwick)
24
Q
What are responsibilites of Swanwick Mil?
A
- distress and diversion services
- FIS
- Air Defence notification
25
What are the responsibilites of LATCC (mil)?
- low flying co-ordination
- range co-ordination
- aeronautical info (military)
- air movements and flight plan reception
26
What are 3 main classes of airspace?
A - most airways below FL195
C - upper airspace
G - all other airspace
27
How is controlled airspace divided?
Control areas and control zones.
28
What is a CTZ?
Control Zone - controlled airspace extending upwards from the gorund to a specific upper limit.
29
What is a MATZ?
Military Aerodrome Traffic Zone - defined dimensions in which military ATC apllies to military a/c.
30
What are the dimensions of a MATZ and its stub?
MATZ: 5nm radius and 3000m height
Stub: 5nm long, 4nm wide, 1000-3000m height.
31
What three catergories are control areas split?
- control area (CTA)
- terminal control area (TCA/TMA)
- airway.
32
What is a restricted area?
An airspace of defined dimensions above the land or water where flight of an a/c is restricted in accordance with specified conditions.
33
What is a prohibited area?
An airspace of defined dimensions above land or water within which the flight of a/c is prohibited.
34
What is a danger area?
An airspace of defined dimensions within which activities dangerous to flight may exist at specific times.
35
What is a TRA?
Temporary Reserved Area - FL195 - FL245. Military can operate VFR with tactical freedom and operate during published hours.
36
What is TASCOMM?
Terrestrial Air Sea Communications system.
37
What is CAS-T?
Controlled Airspace - Temporary.
38
What is Provost Marshall areas?
PMP (prohibited) or PMR (restricted) areas are airspace of defined dimensions established by the RAF PM where military flight is prohibited or restricted IAW specific conditions.
39
Define FOD?
Foreign Object Debris - any material or loose article, that orignates from any source, that can cause damage to the a/c or its equipment.
40
What are the three main aims of FOD prevention?
- Practices
- Processes
- Design
41
What is the aim of flight safety?
A collective endeavour to operate in the air environment safely where a good safety culture depends on individuals at all levels.
42
What are the four worlds?
- Flyings sqns
- ATC, ABM and Ops
- Engineers
- Direct support services
43
What are the RA series?
```
1000 - general regs
2000 - flying regs
3000 - air traffic management
4000 - continuing airworthiness
5000 - design and modification
```
44
Define an accident.
An occurence which results in a person being killed or suffering a major injury or an a/c sustaining Cat 4 or 5 damage.
45
Define an incident.
An air safety occurence which has not resulted in an accident but a/c sustains Cat 1-3 damage or a person injured for 3+ days.
46
A/C damage - what is Cat 1?
Repairable within the custodians capabilites.
47
A/C damage - what is Cat 2?
Repairable with the custodians forward maintenance organisation capabilites.
48
A/C damage - what is Cat 3?
Repairable on site, beyond forward repairs - specialists.
49
A/C damage - what is Cat 4?
Repairable but requires special facilities or equipment off-site.
50
A/C damage - what is Cat 5?
Beyond economic repair, instructional use, scrap or missing.
51
What is a reporting culture?
Cultivating an atmosphere where people have the confidence to report safety concerns without fear or blame.
52
What is a learning culture?
An organisation that is able to learn from its mistakes and make changes.
53
What is a flexible culture?
Where the organisation and the people in it are capable of adapting effectively to change.
54
What is a just culture?
Recognises the limitations of human performance. Errors will not be punished if the error was unintentional. Reckless acts/risks will be subjected to disciplinary action.
55
What are the three methods of reporting?
- Defence Air Safety Occurence Report via ASIMS
- Aviation Error Management System or Inform
- Defence Confidential Occurence Report
56
Who/what are types of duty holders?
- Senior DH - CAS
- Operating DH - AOC (1, 2, 22 and 38) and JHC
- Delivery DH - (Comdt 3FTS for Cranwell)
57
Flight safety docs - what is an MAA RA?
- principle policy and governance docs
- valid across all military aviaition
- FLY 2000 series
58
Flying safety docs - What is a GASO?
Group Air Staff Order:
- further guidance and governance at group level
- order numbers tied to FLY 2000 series
- details regs to specific aircraft types
59
Flying safety docs - what is a DAM?
Defence Aerodrome Manual:
- station FOBs detail guidance and governance at local level
- lowest tier document
- 'hot poop/stop press' covers latest news
- stud cards in FOB.
60
Flying safety docs - What is an RTS?
Release To Service:
- similar to a car users handbook
- lists fuels and oils etc
- flight envelope
- servicing cycles
61
Flying safety docs - what is an F700?
- register of servicing
- known faults (deffered)
- limitations
- past faults
- fuel state
- a/c details
62
What does ABC stand for?
Accuracy, Brevity and Clarity.
63
What is the range of the RF spectrum?
3khz - 300ghz
64
Describe V/UHF.
- higher frequency/shorter wavelengths.
65
Describe HF.
- lower frequency/longer wavelength.
66
What are the bands and types of V/UHF?
```
88-108mhz - FM radios
108-137mhz - ATC
150-170mhz - land and maritime
170-225mhz - DAB radio
225-400mhz - military a/c
```
67
What are the bands and types of HF?
2-30mhz - land/air/maritime
68
What is SATCOM?
The use of artificial satellites to provide comm links between various points on earth.
69
What are the two frequencies (LOS)?
- LOS uplink (high frequency)
| - LOS downlink (low frequency)
70
What should you do prior to making a radio call?
- decide what you want to say
- correct frequency
- listen out
- be prepared to copy any response
71
What is the purpose of ABCs?
Accuracy, Brevity and Clarity
- precise words
- only use words you need
- understandable to the audience
72
Radio comms - what is RSVP?
- rhythm
- speed
- volume
- pitch
73
How is routing defined? (ATC comms)
Brief idea of where you are going.
74
How is intentions defined? (ATC comms)
What you will do at the next reported point.
75
Name the types of intelligence.
- SIGINT (COMINT, ELINT, FISINT)
- MASINT
- IMINT
- GEOINT
- ACINT
- HUMINT
- OSINT
76
Name the types of intelligence.
- SIGINT (COMINT, ELINT, FISINT)
- MASINT
- IMINT
- GEOINT
- ACINT
- HUMINT
- OSINT
77
What are the three intelligence levels?
- STRATEGIC
- OPERATIONAL
- TACTICAL
78
What is the ISR process?
- task
- collect
- process
- exploit
- disseminate
- feedback
79
What is the ISR Cycle?
- tasking
- collection
- process
- exploit
- disseminate
80
What are the types of tasking?
- deliberate
- ad-hoc
- dynamic
81
Name types of reconnaissance and surveillance tasks.
- indicators and warnings
- intel prep of the envrionment
- enemy order of battle
- situation development
- monitor enemy activity
- force protection
- targeting objectives
- assessments
82
Name the requirements of an effective ISR system (collect)?
- timeliness
- accuracy
- survivability
- reliabilty
- suitabilty
- standardisation
- continous coverage
83
ISR process (collect) - considerations?
- availabilty
- capability
- vulnerability
- performance and history
84
ISR process (disseminate) - 5 key principles?
- timeliness
- appropiate
- urgency
- distribution
- security
85
What are the three levels of warfare?
- STRATEGIC
- OPERATIONAL
- TACTICAL
86
Who belongs to 1 Group?
ISTAR force, typhoons and lightning 2.
87
What is AAR?
Air to air refuelling.
88
What is AI?
Air Interdiction
89
What is CAS?
Close Air Support
90
What is DCA?
Defensive Counter Air.
91
What is OCA?
Offensive Counter Air.
92
What is SEAD?
Suppression of Enemy Air Defence.
93
What is DEAD?
Destrcution of Enemy Air Defence.
94
What is TST?
Time Sensitive Targetting.
95
What is Tac C2?
Tactical Command and Control
96
What is SU?
Supported Unit
97
What is JTAC?
Joint Terminal Attack Controller
98
What is BDA?
Battle Damage Assessment
99
What is CDE?
Collateral Damage Estimate
100
What’s is PID?
Positive Identification
101
What is ROE?
Rules Of Engagement
102
What is JFAC?
Joint Force Air Component
103
What is CAOC?
Combined Air Operations Centre
104
What divisions are within the CAOC organisation?
- Combat Plans Division (CPD)
- Combat Operations Division (COD)
- ISR Division
- Strategy and Combat Support Divisions
105
What is AOD?
Air Ops Directive
106
What is ATO?
Air Tasking Order
107
What’s is an ACP?
Airspace Control Plan
108
What is ACO?
Airspace Control Order
109
What is ACM?
Airspace Control Means
110
What is SPINS?
Special Instruction
111
Documentation relationship: who/what, how, where.
AOD - SPINS - ACP
ATO - SPINS - ACO
MTO - SPINS - ACM
112
What is CGRS?
Common Geographic Reference System - based on a lat and long origin.
113
What is MGRS?
Military Grid Reference System - grid zone designator (e.g. 30 U), 100km square letter pair (e.g. XD), up to 10 digits depending on accuracy (10 digit = 1m accuracy, 8 = 10m, 6 = 100m etc)
114
What is bullseye?
An established reference point from which the position of an object can be referred to by bearing (magnetic) and range (nm).
115
What is AOR?
Area Of Responsibility.
116
What is HIDACZ?
High Density Aircraft Control Zone
117
What is a ROZ and it’s requirements?
Restricted Operations Zone - centre point, diameter and flight levels.
118
What is the frequency of UHF?
243mhz
119
What is the frequency of VHF?
121.5mhz
120
What are the readability numbers 1-5?
```
1 - unreadable
2 - readable now and then
3 - readable but difficult
4 - readable
5 - perfectly readable
```
121
What is TNIPL?
```
Type of aircraft
Nature of emergency
Intentions of the captain
Position, FL and Heading
Level of pilot quals if relevant (e.g. student pilot)
```
122
What are the staff branches?
A - air staff, N - naval staff, G - ground staff, J - joint
123
What’s are the staff branch numbers?
```
1 - personnel
2 - intelligence and security
3 - operations
4 - logistics
5 - planning
6 - comms and IT
7 - training
8 - resource management (finance)
9 - civil affairs and co-operation
```
124
What is the transition level?
The lowest flight level available above the transition altitude.
125
What service is used in controlled airspace?
Radar control
126
What services are used outside of controlled airspace?
FIS - deconfliction, traffic and procedural.
127
How is traffic information passed on in Radar Control?
Information will be given with mandatory instructions on how to avoid the contact.
128
How is traffic information passed on in a Deconfliction Service?
Information will be given with advice on how to avoid it if the contact is not seen or detected.
129
How is traffic information passed on in a Traffic service?
Information will be given with no instructions on how to avoid the contact.
130
What are the three types of FLIPs?
- planning
- en-route
- terminal
131
When should the word ‘hectopascal’ be used?
Added to figures when transmitting a pressure setting below 1000hPa.
