Week 1

Question 1

neonatal head swellings

Answer 1

caput
cephalhaematoma
subgaleal (rare)

Question 2

why would you measure neonatal head swelling

Answer 2

see if it’s growing

Question 3

all babies are offered and encouraged to have vitamin k, true or false

Answer 3

true

Question 4

why is vit k offered to newborns

Answer 4

prophylaxis for haemorrhagic disease of the newborn

Question 5

which is more effective, IM or oral vitamin k for newborns

Answer 5

IM

Question 6

what is ATNR

Answer 6

a primitive reflex
it stands for “asymmetrical tonic neck reflex”

Question 7

reflexes seen in a healthy newborn

Answer 7

ATNR
Moro
Rooting
Sucking
Grasp

Question 8

what could you be concerned about if red reflex is absent in newborn

Answer 8

cataract

Question 9

what is kernicterus

Answer 9

a type of brain damage that can result from high levels of bilirubin in a baby’s blood.
should never happen.

Question 10

is phototherapy for jaundice UV light

Answer 10

no, just blue light

Question 11

does breastfeeding cause jaundice

Answer 11

no, but it can make it last longer.
baby may be a bit dehydrated before breast milk fully comes in.

Question 12

when is apgar score usually used

Answer 12

1 and 5 mins after birth

Question 13

what would an apgar score of 8 or 9 suggest

Answer 13

healthy baby

Question 14

normal resp rate in a baby

Answer 14

40-60 breaths per min

Question 15

normal HR in a baby

Answer 15

120-140/min

Question 16

normal oxygen sats for a full term healthy baby

Answer 16

95-100% (but in the first 10mins they will take a bit of time to adjust to above 90%)

Question 17

what is tachypnoea a red flag for in a baby

Answer 17

sepsis or cardiac problem

Question 18

CNS infections in a baby

Answer 18

meningitis
encephalitis

Question 19

an example of a gastrointestinal infection in a baby

Answer 19

necrotising enterocolitis (not seen so much in a term baby though)

Question 20

what is the most common bacterial infection in neonatal sepsis

Answer 20

group B strep

Question 21

what antibiotics are used together to treat group B strep sepsis

Answer 21

benzylpenicillin and gentamicin

Question 22

what bug causes syphilis

Answer 22

treponema pallidum

Question 23

what condition in babies is due to delay in clearing lung fluid

Answer 23

transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN)

Question 24

how long does transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) take to resolve

Answer 24

within 24hrs

Question 25

causes of pneumothorax in a baby

Answer 25

- spontaneous (consequence of the birth process) - resuscitation - infection - meconium aspiration - surfactant deficiency

Question 26

management of a small pneumothorax in a baby

Answer 26

- conservative - or chest drain insertion if mediastinum is pushed to one side (tension pneumothorax)

Question 27

management of a large pneumothorax in a baby

Answer 27

chest drain

Question 28

why is respiratory distress syndrome more common in preterm babies?

Answer 28

because it is due to surfactant deficiency, and surfactant is produced late on in pregnancy)

Question 29

respiratory distress syndrome appearance on CXR

Answer 29

ground glass appearance and air bronchograms

Question 30

what is the difference of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) on a CXR?

Answer 30

in RDS you can see air bronchograms on CXR

Question 31

at what point in gestation is meconium aspiration syndrome more common

Answer 31

later (weeks 37-41??)

Question 32

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome treatment

Answer 32

supportive - ventilation, cardiovascular system and antibiotics

Question 33

true or false, some babies with meconium aspiration syndrome have Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE)

Answer 33

true

Question 34

what is Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE)

Answer 34

multi organ damage due to tissue hypoxia