Week 1

Question 1

What is LD50

Answer 1

Dose at which 50% of the population found to be lethal

Question 2

What is ED50

Answer 2

Dose at which 50% of the population found drug to be effective

Question 3

What is the Therapeutic Index?

Answer 3

Difference between ED and LD 50
Margin of safety

Low TI - little margin for dosing, easier to overdose

High TI - large margin for dosing, difficult to harm patient

Question 4

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 4

Somatic (sensorimotor)
Autonomic (parasympathetic, sympathetic)

Question 5

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 5

Arousal - fight, flight, fright

Question 6

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 6

Immune system, energy storage, digestion, growth

Question 7

What does Pharmacokinetics mean?

Answer 7

What happens to the drug once it has entered the body

Question 8

What makes properties of a drug easier to cross membrane?

Answer 8

Liphophilicity (soluble in fats)

Question 9

What is the most convenient drug absorption method?

Answer 9

Enteral - safe, convenient

Question 10

What is sublingual eneteral absorption good for?

Answer 10

High lipophilic drugs

Question 11

How much of a drug bypasses the liver if rectal administration?

Answer 11

50%

Question 12

What do capillary endothelial cells have?

Answer 12

Continuous tight junctions

Question 13

What does neurotransmission mean?

Answer 13

Neurons chemically communicating with neurons

Question 14

What can’t cross the BBB?

Answer 14

Proteins - large molecules
only lypothetic drugs can

Question 15

What are the 2 types of glial cells?

Answer 15

Astrocytes and oligodendrites

Question 16

What are the main types of brain cells?

Answer 16

Neurons
Glial Cells
Ependymal cells
Microglia

Question 17

What does EPSP mean?

Answer 17

Excitartory post synaptic potenital
Action potential will work - release of neurotransmitter

Question 18

What does IPSP mean?

Answer 18

Inhibiatory Post Synaptic Potential
Stops the affect of drug - stops neurotransmission

Question 19

Where is the dendrite?

Answer 19

Postsynaptic

Question 20

Action potential process

Answer 20

EPSP occurs- Sodium channels open
Depolaristation - Sodium influx
Re-polarisation - reversal sodium potassium pump
Hyperpolarisation - undershoos that occurs due to potatisum efflux before neurons stabilises

Question 21

What does exocytosis mean?

Answer 21

Neurotransmitter release

Question 22

How do neurotransmitters communicate with the next neuron?

Answer 22

Receptors

Question 23

What is an agonist?

Answer 23

‘keys’ that ‘unlock’ the receptor door

Binds to recpetor and has an effect

Question 24

What is an antagonist?

Answer 24

‘keys; that fit the lock but can’t open the door

Binds to the receptor but doesn’t have an effect/stops an effect

Question 25

What does affinity mean?

Answer 25

The attraction that a drug has for a receptor site

Question 26

What does efficacy mean?

Answer 26

The ability for a drug to induce a response once bound to the receptor site

Question 27

What do agonists have?

Answer 27

Affinity and Efficacy

Question 28

What do antagonists have?

Answer 28

Affinity but not efficacy

Question 29

What does antagonism cause?

Answer 29

Negative drug interaction
The effect of one drug or neurotransmitter minimised or abolished by another

Question 30

What happens with non-competitive antagonism?

Answer 30

Blocks occur IN neuron or cell, not at the receptor site

Question 31

What are the 2 types of positive drug interactions?

Answer 31

Additive - double effect
Synergistic - One drug potentiates the effect of another

Question 32

What does tachyphylaxis mean?

Answer 32

rapid desensitisation of receptors - drugs don’t work anymore