Week 1

Question 1

How can you describe a radiolucency?

Answer 1

well/ill-defined
multi/unilocular

Question 2

Appears black & allows the passage of x-rays?

Answer 2

radiolucent

Question 3

How to describe radiopaque?

Answer 3

well/ill-defined

Question 4

Blocks passage of x-rays and appears white?

Answer 4

radiopaque

Question 5

small elevated lesion (<1cm) usually filled with serous fluid?

Answer 5

vesicle

Question 6

Larger elevated lesion usually containing serous fluid?

Answer 6

bulla

Question 7

Elevated lesion containing pus?

Answer 7

pustule

Question 8

Area distinguished by color, but cannot be felt/distinguished from surrounding tissue?

Answer 8

macule

Question 9

Small elevated/protruding lesion without fluid?

Answer 9

papule

Question 10

Large elevated/protruding lesion without fluid?

Answer 10

nodule

Question 11

Attached by stem/stalk?

Answer 11

pedunculated

Question 12

base resting flat on a surface

Answer 12

sessile

Question 13

break in epithelium that penetrates underlying CT?

Answer 13

ulcer

Question 14

Patch / differentiated area on a body surface?

Answer 14

plaque

Question 15

How can you describe plaques?

Answer 15

erythroplakia or leukoplakia

Question 16

wrinkled texture?

Answer 16

corrugated

Question 17

cleft or groove showing prominent depth?

Answer 17

fissure

Question 18

small projections found in clusters

Answer 18

papillary

Question 19

Increase in cell size without increase in number?

Answer 19

hypertrophy

Question 20

Increase in cell number?

Answer 20

hyperplasia

Question 21

Where does pure hypertrophy occur?

Answer 21

skeletal & cardiac muscle

Question 22

List some physiologic hyperplasias.

Answer 22

erythroid bone marrow at high altitudes
cyclic enlargement of endometrium & breast during menstruation
regrowth of liver parenchyma after surgical excision

Question 23

List some pathologic hyperplasias:

Answer 23

epithelial hyperplasia by HPV

Question 24

list some benign hyperplasia & hypertrophy

Answer 24

enlarged uterus of pregnancy, myometrial smooth muscle cells increase in # and size
benign prostatic enlargement

Question 25

What is papilloma?

Answer 25

epithelial hyperplasia

Question 26

What is pyogenic granuloma?

Answer 26

endothelial hyperplasia

Question 27

What is a fribroma?

Answer 27

fibrous hyperplasia

Question 28

What is epulis fissuratum?

Answer 28

fibrous hyperplasia caused by ill-fitting denture

Question 29

What is inflammatory papillary hyperplasia?

Answer 29

fibrous & epithelial hyperplasia

Question 30

What is sub-pontic osseous hyperplasia?

Answer 30

osseus hyperplasia

Question 31

What is exostoses?

Answer 31

osseous hyperplasia

Question 32

What drugs can induce gingival hyperplasia?

Answer 32

Procardia (Ca2+ channel blockers) Cyclosporin (immunosuppressant) Dilantin (anti-seizure)

Question 33

reduction of size of cells, tissues, organs?

Answer 33

atrophy

Question 34

examples of physiologic atrophy?

Answer 34

uterus after pregnancy involution of thymus in early adulthood

Question 35

examples of pathologic atrophy?

Answer 35

post injury disuse following denervation following ischemia to brain

Question 36

What can lead to pathologic atrophy?

Answer 36

disuse denervation lack of trophic hormones ischemia malnutrition idiopathic

Question 37

What is parry romberg syndrome?

Answer 37

idiopathic unilateral atrophy of facial structure

Question 38

Describe metaplasia?

Answer 38

replacement of one cell type by another, typically tougher type

Question 39

What is necrotizing sialometaplasia?

Answer 39

ulcer that occurs on palate looks like cancer under microscope

Question 40

How cells adapt to non-lethal injury?

Answer 40

metaplasia hyperplasia hypertrophy atrophy

Question 41

Non-adaptive means cells respond to injury?

Answer 41

agenesis aplasia/hypoplasia

Question 42

Nuclear changes that signal cell death in necrosis?

Answer 42

pyknosis karyorrhexis karyolysis

Question 43

When would you see coagulation necrosis?

Answer 43

hypoxic injury (myocardial infarct)

Question 44

When would you see liquefactive necrosis?

Answer 44

bacterial infection & cerebral infarction

Question 45

When would you see caseous necrosis?

Answer 45

tuberculosis

Question 46

When would you see fat necrosis?

Answer 46

acute pancreatitis

Question 47

Describe apoptosis?

Answer 47

activation of internal caspases to eliminate unwanted cells with minimal disturbances to surrounding cells. plasma membrane remains intact. rapidly cleared & does not elicit inflammatory response

Question 48

Describe dystrophic calcification

Answer 48

in nonviable/dying tissues in the presence of normal serum calcium levels

Question 49

Describe metastatic calcification?

Answer 49

in viable tissues in presence of hypercalcemic levels