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Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Prenatal Period

A

Conception to birth

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2
Q

Germinal Period

A

1-2 weeks gestation

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3
Q

Embryonic Period

A

2-8 Weeks Gestation

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4
Q

Fetal Period

A

9-38 Weeks Gestation

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5
Q

Infancy Period

A

Birth-2 years

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6
Q

Childhood Period

A

2-10 years Female
2-12 years Male

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7
Q

Adolescence Period

A

10-18 Females
12-20 Males

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8
Q

Young Adulthood Period

A

18-40 years

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9
Q

Middle Adulthood Period

A

40-65 years

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10
Q

Young Older-Adulthood

A

65-74 years

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11
Q

Middle-Older Adulthood

A

75 - 84 years

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12
Q

Old-Older Adulthood

A

84 years to death

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13
Q

Dynamic Systems Theory

A

Adaptation in movement results from task and environmental demands
*Motor behavior is a result of interaction between perfection and action, NOT just nervous system maturation

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14
Q

Growth

A

Changes in physical dimension

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15
Q

Maturation

A

Changes toward adult form and function

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16
Q

Learning

A

Relatively permanent changes resulting from practice

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17
Q

How is growth measured in babies

A

height, weight, head circumference

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18
Q

Two Theories of Aging

A

1: genetic theories resulting form internal, gradual failure of body systems
2: non-genetic theories caused by external factors/ interactions with the environment affects of decline

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19
Q

Factors influencing child movement

A

Individual
Family
Culture
Environment

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20
Q

How does culture contribute to differences in motor development?

A

Some cultures encourage/discourage independence more than others

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21
Q

How many falls do new walkers have per hour on average

A

15

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22
Q

Recommended sleep position for babies

A

On their back, swaddles, with nothing the child can suffocate on/with

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23
Q

What can the presence of reflexes be indicative of?

A

Developmental sequence, neurological status, asymmetry

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24
Q

What are primitive/neonatal reflexes

A

involuntary stereotypic movement patterns elicited in a newborn via sensation or sensory stimulus

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25
Attitudinal reflexes
Stimulus in head and neck position
26
What triggers automatic postural reactions?
The body’s orientation and pattern of weight distribution in the base of support
27
Reflex Integration
When a reflex is not the most common response to a stimulus and volitional movement is a more typical response
28
When are reflexes typically integrated
4-6 months
29
2 Exceptions to the 4-6 month Reflex Integrations
Plantar Reflex- integrates at 9 months STNR- integrates by 8-12 months
30
3 Reflexes seen in children with neurological conditions
Neonatal Positive Support ATNR STNR
31
8 Primitive Reflexes
Sucking Rooting Palmar Grasp Plantar Grasp Neonatal Positive Support Spontaneous Walking
32
Automatic Walking Reflex
When holding a baby upright with feet on a stable surface, baby takes high steps with a regular rhythm
33
Neonatal Positive Support Reflex
When holding the baby upright, flexors and extensors will contract to try to bear weight in lower extremities
34
When does neonatal positive support integrate?
1-2 months
35
When does automatic walking reflex integrate?
3-4 months
36
Sucking Reflex
The infant starts sucking when their lips are stroked
37
When does the Sucking Reflex Integrate?
2-5 months
38
Rooting Reflex
When touched on the cheek, baby will open their mouth and search for the nipple
39
When does rooting reflex integrate?
3 months
40
Galant’s Reflex
Lateral curvature of the trunk with stroking one side of the back
41
When does Galant’s reflex integrate?
3 months
42
Moro reflex/Startle Response
Reflex in which a newborn extends arms and legs and cries in response to a loud noise or an abrupt change in positioning (falling feeling)
43
When does Moro Reflex Integrate
3-5 months
44
Palmar Grasp Reflex
In response to stroking baby’s palm, the hand will grasp
45
Palmar Grasp Integrates
4-7 months
46
Plantar Grasp Reflex
Reaction to stimulation of the sole of the foot that causes the toes to “grasp”
47
Plantar Grasp Integrates
9 months
48
2 Attitudinal Reflexes
ATNR & STNR
49
Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex
In supine, infant will experience a stimulus and turn their head to the side and in response the ipsilateral arm and leg extend, “Archers Pose”
50
Symmetrical Tonic Reflex
With neck flexion: UEs flex and LEs extend With neck extension: UE extend and LEs flex
51
ATNR Integration
6-7 months
52
STNR Integration
9 - 11 months
53
STNR Integration
9 - 11 months
54
3 Categories of Automatic Postural Reactions
1: Protective Reaction 2: Righting Reaction 3: Equilibrium Reaction
55
Protective Reactions
- can be injury preventative - develop by 10 months - an extremity response to a quick or large displacement of CM out of base of support
56
Forward Protective Extension
6 - 9 months
57
Sideways Protective Extension
8 months
58
Backward Protective Extension
9 - 10 months
59
Righting Reactions
Maintain or restore proper alignment of head and trunk - Stimulus may be vestibular, visual, or somatosensory -Begin at birth but Peak at 10 - 12 months
60
Optical Righting/ Lateral Head Righting
Fixing the orientation of the head by adjusting the eyes
61
Landau Head & Trunk Righting
Held in the air in a prone position, the infant will lift into a Superman position 3 - 4 months
62
Equilibrium Reaction
Happens in response to a slow shift in CM and helps restore balance when disturbed Sequence: Prone, Supine, Sitting, Quadruped, Standing - lags behind attainment of movement in the next higher developmental posture *includes lateral righting & rotation*
63
What should be integrated by the first year/ 12 months?
Primitive and Attitudinal Reflexes
64
What should develop in the first year?
Automatic Postural Reactions
65
Key Concepts for Motor Development
Development is sequential and directional (proximal to distal) Gross motor skills precedes fine motor skills Reflexive movement pretends voluntary and controlled movement Flexion/Extension -> lateral flexion -> rotation Sensation, mobility, and stability all influence movement
66
Why is developmental sequence important?
Planning interventions
67
Hallmark Movements @ 2 - 3 Months
Fidgety Movements Asymmetry Physiological Flexion
68
Hallmark Movements 4 - 6 Months
Weight on hands in Prone Increasing symmetry Increasing Movement Against Gravity Beginning rotation and rolling
69
Hallmark Movements 6 - 8 Months
Sitting without hands Rarely stays prone/supine & transitions between positions Developing Trunk Stability
70
Hallmark Motor Development 7 - 9 Months
Sitting up from Prone Creeping on hands & knees Rarely stayed in prone/supine & transitons between positions Developing trunk stability
71
Hallmark Motor Development 8 - 10 Months
Pulling to stand upright UE & LE control
72
Hallmark Motor Development 10 - 12 Months
Cruising along furniture Developing lateral stability Beginning single limb postural control
73
Hallmark Motor Development 10 - 17 Months
Taking First Steps Developing Lateral Stability Beginning Single Limb Postural Control

Human Growth & Development (2 decks)

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