Week 1

Question 1

it is a process of quantifying or assigning numerical values to the characteristics or properties of a phenomenon

Answer 1

Measurement

Question 2

measurement can be use for

Answer 2

precision and objectivity
comparisons and analysis
communication

Question 3

it provide standard measures and weights; serves as the national physical laboratory for the united states

Answer 3

National Bureu of Standards (1901-1988)

Question 4

The NBS took custody of the copies of

Answer 4

kilogram and meter bars

Question 4

The NBS developed measurements for

Answer 4

electrical units and light measurement

Question 5

is an agency of the Unites States department whose mission is to promote american innovations and industrial competitiveness

Answer 5

National Institute pf Standard and Technology (NIST)

Question 6

NIST activities are organized into physical science laboratory programs that include

Answer 6

• nanoscale science and technology
• engineering
• information technology
• neutron research
• material measurement
• physical measurment

Question 7

NIST roles

Answer 7

• Maintaining standards
• Calibration services
• Certification
• Research and development
• Dissemination of information
• International collaboration

Question 8

SRMs stands for

Answer 8

Standard Reference Materials

Question 9

is the art of testing the validity of measurements by an instrument in normal operation by comparison with measurements made by primary or secondary standard

Answer 9

calibration

Question 10

is the scheduled adjustment of instrument to maintain accuracy and reliability by comparing their outputs to reference standard

Answer 10

routine calibration

Question 11

this process is essential for ensuring precise measurements and compliance with industry standards

Answer 11

routine calibration

Question 12

Routine calibration roles

Answer 12

• Visual inspection for obvious physical defects
• Visual Inspection for proper installation and application
  in accordance with manufacturer’s specification
• Zero setting of all indicators
• Leveling of devices which requires this precaution
• Operational test to detect major defects

Question 13

Refers to the degree of agreement between the measured value and the true (accepted) value

Answer 13

Accuracy

Question 14

Closeness with which the reading approaches the true value or standard.

Answer 14

Accuracy

Question 15

Refers to the degree of agreement of a set or group of measurements among themselves

Answer 15

Precision

Question 16

Describes the reproducibility of results, that is, the agreement between numerical values that have been made
in exactly the same way

Answer 16

Precision

Question 17

is the numerical difference
between the indicated or measured value and the true value

Answer 17

Error

Question 18

Types of Errors

Answer 18

(!) gross errors
(2) determinate/ systematic errors
(3)indeterminate/ random/ accidental errors

Question 19

Errors that are so serious that there is no real alternative to abandoning the experiment.

Answer 19

Gross Errors

Question 20

(type of error)
instrument breakdown

Answer 20

gross error

Question 21

Are caused by a miscalibrated instrument that affects all
measurements or the design of the experiment.

Answer 21

Determinate/Systematic Errors

Question 22

(type of error)
using a thermometer that consistently reads a degree
Celsius higher than the actual temperature.

Answer 22

Determinate/Systematic Errors

Question 23

a scale that consistently reads 1% higher than the true weight of the object

Answer 23

Determinate/Systematic Errors

Question 24

caused by nonideal instrument behavior, by faulty calibrations, or by use under inappropriate condition

Answer 24

instrumental errors

Question 25

caused either by carelessness, lack of experience, or bias on the part of the observer

Answer 25

personal errors

Question 26

due to incorrect application and faulty installation

Answer 26

application errors

Question 27

Naturally occurring errors that are to be expected with any experiment

Answer 27

random errors

Question 28

(type of error) parallax errors

Answer 28

random errors

Question 29

(type of error) environmental errors

Answer 29

random errors

Question 30

(type of error) instrumental limitation

Answer 30

random error

Question 31

difference between the measured value and the true value and is reported in the same units as the measurement

Answer 31

absolute error

Question 32

ways of expressing accuracy

Answer 32

- absolute error - relative error

Question 33

the ratio of the absolute error to the true value

Answer 33

relative error

Question 34

formula of finding the absolute error

Answer 34

E = measured value - true value

Question 35

formula of finding the relative error

Answer 35

Relative error = measured value - true value/ true value

Question 36

(true or false) large static errors are desirable

Answer 36

false (undesirable)

Question 37

the deviation of the instrument reading from the true value

Answer 37

static error

Question 38

is the degree of closeness with which the same value of a variable can be measured at different times

Answer 38

reproducibility

Question 39

(true or false) perfect reproducibility signifies that the instrument has no drift

Answer 39

true

Question 40

means a gradual separation of the measured value from the calibrated value, usually after a long interval of time

Answer 40

drift

Question 41

important property of instruments which is determined by design

Answer 41

sensitivity

Question 42

The numerical value of the sensitivity is influenced by the

Answer 42

requirements of instrument application

Question 43

It reflects how sensitive the meter is to alterations in the quantity being measured

Answer 43

responsiveness

Question 44

refers to a minimal change in the measured quantity required to cause a noticeable shift in meter's indication

Answer 44

responsiveness

Question 45

can be defined as the measure of the instrument between the lowest and highest readings it can measure

Answer 45

range

Question 46

the difference between range values

Answer 46

span

Question 47

maximum - minimum

Answer 47

span

Question 48

is the number of figures that should be retained as valid and is dependent on the probable error associated with the observation or reading

Answer 48

significant figures

Question 49

The art and science of applying measuring instruments and controlling devices to a system or process for the purpose of determining the identity or magnitude of certain varying physical quantities or chemical phenomena

Answer 49

instrumentation

Question 50

refer to devices as simple as direct reading thermometers, or as complex as multi-sensor components of industrial control systems

Answer 50

instrumentation