Week 1 Flashcards

Question

What are mast cells

Answer 1

- NOT a leukocyte because the use the blood as a transit system to access the tissues to mature -tissue effector and not inflammatory reactors -progenitor start in BM and spleen but when released they head into the tissues (gut and lung) to mature -effector cell in allergic reaction by releasing lipid mediators , crosslinking IgE on surface -APR -enhance and suppress immune system -gatekeep mucosal surfaces -mediate innate and adaptive immune system

Answer 2

-develop in BM -NO STORAGE POOL IN BM -released into immediately PB when matured -pool of immature monos in spleen responding to tissue injury like MI -circulating and marginal (bigger) pool in blood -seen in blood before neutrophils when BM recovers from marrow failure = monocytosis -3 days in marginal pool

Answer 3

-both neuts and monos come from a GMP -M CSF is the cytokine that is responsible for growth and differentiation -stages are monoblast, promonocytes, and monocytes

Answer 4

Innate immunity Adaptive immunity Housekeeping Monos have different chemokine receptors on them and target tissue depends on pattern of chemokine receptors

Answer 5

-recognize bacterial pathogens -stimulate inflammatory cytokine production and phagocytosis -Macros alone make NO which is cytotoxic to viruses, helminths, tumor cells -both have Fc receptors and complement receptors which help to break down organisms coated with AB

Answer 6

- Marcos are APC -activate T and B lymphs to start adaptive immune system -eat foreign material and displays the peptide on the membrane to show T lymphs

Answer 7

-remove dead cells from site of infection -destroy senescent RBC -maintain storage pool of iron for erythropoiesis -make coag factors, complement components, IL, GF and enzymes

Answer 8

T Cells = adaptive immunity CD4 helper T- activates macros adn B cells by cytokine secretion CD8 cytotoxic T - Releases chemicals to kill infected cells, tumor cells B Cells = adaptive immunity Produces AB , blocks infections NK Cells = innate immunity , small amount of lymphs Releases chemicals to kill infected cells, tumor cells

Answer 9

ones that participate in Humoral Immunity -AB producing B Lymphs or B cells -B cells develop in BM Cellular Immunity Attack cells directly T cell -develop in thymus NK cells - both BM and thymus

Answer 10

-all 3 originate in BM -for B and T cells there are AG independent and AG dependent stages -B cells develop in BM to naive B cells that move into lymphoid tissue T cell lymphoid progenitors go from BM and develop in thymus NK cells develop in either location AG Independent development in BM and thymus - primary organs AG dependent - spleen, tonsil, peyers patches - 2andary

Answer 11

-not end cells; resting cells when they are stimulated they divide into memory and effector cell -recirculate from blood to tissues and back to blood -B and T lymps can rearrange AG receptors -early lymp progenitor originate in BM, T and NK lymphs develop and mature outside the BM

Answer 12

-start in BM and go through 3 stages Pro-B, Pre B, Immature B cell (AG naive B cells) -each stage a unique IgG AG receptor is produced -immature Naive B that havent been exposed to AG leave BM and move to 2ndary lymph organs (lymph nodes) pre b - B Lympblast - B cell - plasma cell cant tell the difference between resting B and resting T cells

Answer 13

-cell division -production of memory cells and effector cells -Naive b cell go through mitosis repeatly to form immature B cell clone lymph node cortex -when exposed to AG the cells transform, proliferate and migrate into medulla -activated B cells become memory cells or plasma cells

Answer 14

-Activated T cells are needed to expose the B cells to AG in lymph organs -B cells turn into plasma cells to produce Ig or AB or memory cells -plasma cells are not found in PB , -Ig is produce in tissues -APC to T cells

Answer 15

Eccentric nucleus nuclear halo very basophilic cytoplasm Plasmacytoid lymph like a plasma cell but with higher N:C ratio

Answer 16

-develop in thymus -lymp progenitor cells moe from BM to thymic cortex -3 stages: Pro T, Pre T and Immature T -each phase T cells produce unique T cell receptors -T cells with receptors that react with self AG are allowed to undergo apoptosis

Answer 17

PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF CD4/CD8 -immature t cell move to medulla in thymus where apoptosis of self reactive T cell happens -remaining immature T cells or AG naive T cells leave thymus and move to 2ndary lymp organs -if they come in contact with AG in 2ndary spaces there will be production of memory, effector or both T cells -T cell make up most of circulating lymphs 51-88%

Answer 18

-transformation from resting lymp to activated , they also have more cytoplasm but only make up 10% of lymphs t cells have longer life span

Answer 19

Secretes compounds that act directly - poison to kill cells attached to sensitized T cells Secretes compounds that act indirectly Attracts macrophages to cells Activates macros for quick phagocytosis

Answer 20

Helper T cells HTC 1 = immune response against INTRAcellular pathogen HTC2- defense against EXTRAcellular parasites and helminths HTC2- important in asthma and allergic reactions HTC17- immune responses against extracellular bacteria and fungi Treg (CD4+ CD25+) regulatory -regulate immune response -maintain self tolerance -suppress T/B cells activity with chemical release -stop immune response to prevent uncontrolled activity aka suppressor cell

Answer 21

Cytotoxic cells -kill target cells by releasing granules containing granzyme and perforin -kill by apoptotic pathway activation Cytotoxic T lymphs

Answer 22

-part of innate immunity -kills tumor or viral cells without sensitization -recognize that there is no self AG on intruders surface -kill by releasing perforins -modulate function of macros and T cell SEEN IN PB AS LARGE GRANULAR LYMPH