Week 1 Flashcards
Nuclear Medicine (76 cards)
1
Q
Diagnostic: inside
A
“In Vivo”
2
Q
Diagnostic: outside
A
“In Vitro”
3
Q
Therapeutic: used in thyroid cancer
A
Iodine-131
4
Q
Therapeutic: microspheres
A
Yttrium-90
5
Q
Therapeutic: therapy for myeloproliferative disease
A
Phosphorus-32
6
Q
Therapeutic: therapy for palliation of bone pain
A
Rhenium-188 & Samarium-153
7
Q
with radioisotopes as labels to detect the product of the reaction
A
Radio
8
Q
using the reaction with a specific antibody
A
Immuno
9
Q
the measurement of a test substance, the antigen
A
Assay
10
Q
High Radioactivity = ?
A
Low blood
11
Q
Low Radioactivity = ?
A
High blood
12
Q
Advantages of RIA (SSSU)
A
- Sensitivity
- Specificity
- Simplicity
- Universal Applications
13
Q
composed of a radioactive material and a non-radioactive compound
A
Radiopharmaceuticals
14
Q
Radioactive material: physical half-life
A
short
15
Q
Radioactive material: type of emission
A
gamma
16
Q
Radioactive material: energy
A
low
17
Q
Radioactive material: organ specificity
A
-
18
Q
Radioisotopes used: 6 hours
A
Tc-99m
19
Q
Radioisotopes used: 8 days
A
I-131
20
Q
Radioisotopes used: 60 days
A
I-125
21
Q
Radioisotopes used: 72 hours
A
Tl-201
22
Q
Radioisotopes used: 78 hours
A
Ga-67
23
Q
Radioisotopes used: 110 minutes
A
F-18
24
Q
Radioisotopes used: 2 minutes
A
O-15
25
Radioisotopes used: 10 minutes
N-13
26
Radiopharmaceuticals: Bone
Tc-99m phosphate
27
Radiopharmaceuticals: Renal
Tc-99m DTPA, DSMA, MAG3
28
Radiopharmaceuticals: Thyroid
I-125, Tc-99m pertechnetate
29
Radiopharmaceuticals: Liver
Tc-99m colloid, HIDA
30
Radiopharmaceuticals: Brain
Tc-99m pertechnetate, HMPAO. glucoheptonate
31
Radiopharmaceuticals: Lungs
Tc-99m aerosol, MAA
32
Radiopharmaceuticals: Heart
Tl-201, Tc-99m RBC
33
T/F: Radiation does not stay forever
True
34
the time required for half of the atoms in a sample to decay
Half-life (t1/2)
35
Detectors in Nuclear Medicine:
-Ionization chamber
-Scintillation crystal
36
Detectors in NucMed: dose calibrator or activity meter
Ionization chamber
37
Detectors in NucMed: uptake probe or spectrometer, rectilinear scanner, gamma well counter, gamma camera
Scintillation crystal
38
Types of radioactive sources:
-Open
-Sealed
39
Type of radioactive source: contamination and irradiation
Open
40
Type of radioactive source: irradiation
Sealed
41
Radiological Effects:
- Deterministic effects
- Stochastic effects
42
Radiological Effects: certain symptoms appear
Deterministic effects
43
Radiological Effects: tissue reactions
Deterministic effects
44
Radiological Effects: threshold dose
Deterministic effects
45
Radiological Effects: cancer-promoting factors
Stochastic effects
46
Radiological Effects: assuming that there is no threshold dose
Stochastic effects
47
ICRP
International Commission on Radiological Protection
48
System of Radiological Protection:
-Justification
-Optimization
-Dose Limits
49
System of Radiological Protection: procedure must be justified to the patient
Justification
50
System of Radiological Protection: dose given to patient should be the lowest dose (optimal dose)
Optimization
51
dose given to patient should be the lowest dose
"Alura"
52
System of Radiological Protection: guidance levels (common dose given to a patient)
Dose Limits
53
Radiation Dose from NucMed is dependent on:
-amount administered
-biokinetics
-decay scheme of radionuclide
54
Radiation Exposure:
-Distance
-Time
-Shielding
55
Longer distance = ?
Less radiation
56
Less time = ?
Less radiation
57
Behind shielding = ?
Less radiation
58
Responsibilities in NucMed Facility:
- Referring Physician
- NucMed Physician
- Medical Physicist
- Technologist
- Committee on Radiation Protection
59
Responsibilities in NucMed Facility: efficacy of test/ procedure
Referring Physician
60
Responsibilities in NucMed Facility: control of all aspects of conduct and extent of the test/ procedure
NucMed Physician
61
Responsibilities in NucMed Facility: NM instrumentation, dosimetry, radiation protection, QA/QC
Medical Physicist
62
Responsibilities in NucMed Facility: carry out the exam/ procedure under the supervision of trained physician
Technologist
63
Responsibilities in NucMed Facility: provide advice on radiation protection aspects
Committee on Radiation Protection
64
is an energy that is transmitted or absorbed
Radiation
65
(gamma, x-ray, visible light, RF)
Electromagnetic
66
(alpha, proton, electron, positron)
Particulate
67
Types of Radiation:
-Ionizing Radiation
-Non-ionizing Radiation
68
radiation that does not have enough energy to remove electrons from its shell
Non-Ionizing Radiation
69
radiation with enough energy to remove electrons from its shell
Ionizing Radiation
70
Types of Radiation Emissions:
- gamma
- alpha
- beta
71
Types of Radiation Emissions: passes through paper, aluminum, foil
Gamma
72
Types of Radiation Emissions: passes through paper
Alpha
73
Types of Radiation Emissions: passes through paper and aluminum
Beta
74
Sources of Radiation:
- Natural Radiation
- Man-made Radiation
75
Sources of Radiation: application in medical, individual, and research
Man-made radiation
76
Applications of Radiation:
- Health
- Energy
- Environment and Climate change
- Industry
